Ask Sawal - Question & Answer Forum
Ask Sawal is a popular online Forum knowledge sharing platform where users can engage in meaningful discussions, post questions, and answer questions from fellow members. It serves as a dynamic question and answer sharing forum, providing a platform for individuals to ask questions and get answers from a community of knowledgeable individuals. Whether you seek assistance or have insights to offer, this forum website allows you to participate in various discussions, exchange ideas, and collectively enhance your understanding on a wide range of subjects. It is a versatile discussion forum that fosters collaboration and the dissemination of knowledge among its diverse user base.
Why Ask Sawal?
- Users can share their knowledge and insights on a wide range of subjects.
- A platform for engaging in meaningful discussions.
- Receive answers from a community of knowledgeable individuals.
- The forum fosters collaboration among users, allows to exchange ideas.
- Users from various backgrounds and expertise, creating a rich and diverse community.
Our Goal
Provide an online forum platform AskSawal.com and knowledge sharing platform that facilitates meaningful discussions, assists users in finding answers to their questions, builds a community of knowledge seekers, and encourages collaboration among users from diverse backgrounds.
Therefore we are Facilitating Knowledge Sharing, Engaging in Meaningful Discussions, Building a Community, Assisting Users and Promoting versatility and collaboration.
Latest Published Questions
-
Is a guaranteed income program really going to solve society's problems?
No, that's correct.It might help.
4 More Answer(s) available -
What sin causes diabetes?
by FA Neelon · 2003 · Cited by 1 — We do not clearly understand the genetic predisposition that allows type 2 diabetes to develop, but we do know that lifestyle factors are the most important.
-
What is heat stress in dog grooming?
Heat stress is a very serious condition caused by a significant elevation in body temperature that can escalate quickly into heatstroke and can lead to death. Pets are not efficient at releasing heat and tend to heat up faster than we do.
7 More Answer(s) available -
Where is okc arts festival?
Known as Oklahoma City’s “rite of spring,” the much-loved Festival of the Arts is the crown jewel of Oklahoma’s wide and varied arts festivals. Hosted since 1967, the Festival of the Arts is free to the public and celebrates all artistic endeavors – from photography and sculpture to local music and mouthwatering food – over the course of six action-packed days in late April. Live music and theatrical productions are hosted on four stages throughout the stunning Bicentennial Park, while over 140 artists from across the nation display their works within rows and rows of outdoor booths.
Bring the kids to this family-friendly art event for plenty of hands-on children’s activities and a play area, and don’t forget to visit the festival’s famous International Food Row. Over 30 food vendors set up camp to provide everything from appetizers to desserts with a decidedly cosmopolitan twist. If you enjoy trying international cuisine, munch on a Bavarian strudel or sample a plateful of Brazilian food. Less adventurous eaters can also enjoy traditional fair food like corndogs and Indian tacos.
Celebrating artistic talent for over 40 colorful years is Tulsa International Mayfest, one of the city's most loved events. This annual art extravaganza in downtown Tulsa attracts more than 350,000 spectators and welcomes hundreds of local and regional artists to showcase their craft – including dance, music and visual arts. Along with browsing artwork throughout indoor and outdoor galleries, make sure you enjoy live entertainment from one of the three on-site stages and treat yourself to fair food favorites from the delicious food court.
Oklahoma City’s colorful and historic Paseo Arts District is a work of art unto itself, but the district takes on new life during the annual, three-day Paseo Arts Festival held in May. As Oklahoma City’s oldest arts district, the Paseo is reminiscent of a Spanish village complete with stucco buildings, clay tile roofs and vivid colors. It is home to nearly 20 art galleries and 60 artist studios all within a couple of blocks walking distance.
More than 90 visual artists come together each year to display their juried works of art during the Paseo Arts Festival. Enthusiastic collectors and art novices are sure to find the perfect piece while browsing mediums like photography, wood pieces and ceramics. Two stages also provide live music and performance art, while children can create their own masterpieces in the children’s area. During this free event, area restaurants and galleries will be open, urging visitors to pop in and out of these charming local businesses as they make their way along the main thoroughfare.
For booths brimming with handmade goods and artistic pieces, delicious food, fun activities and toe-tapping entertainment, head to the Downtown Edmond Arts Festival held each May. This free, three-day event brings together over 100 artists displaying and selling their work, as well as performance artists and live music. Located on historic Route 66, downtown Edmond boasts a variety of unique boutiques, antique stores and trendy restaurants. During the festival, try out one of the area’s cafes or snack on traditional fair food like corndogs and cotton candy. You can also browse the booths to find out which artists took home the festival’s top prizes or find a shady spot near the stage to enjoy the sounds of jazz, blues and country music.
Lawton’s Arts for All Festival is southwest Oklahoma’s largest free juried art show. Mark your calendars and stop by to experience over 90 artist booths and two stages packed with live entertainment. Browse through creative expressions like photography, poetry, sculptures and paintings while catching performances by dance troupes and youth programs. Refuel with fair food favorites – funnel cakes, turkey legs, gyros and Italian roast beef sandwiches – before once again searching art spaces for unique gifts and relaxing in the garden surrounded by the sounds of smooth jazz.
Hosted each summer since 1969, the Nescatunga Arts & Crafts Festival highlights the ornate artworks of top regional artists throughout Percefull Fieldhouse on Alva's Northwestern Oklahoma State University campus. Visit this annual event to check out artist booths offering paintings, sculptures, photography, jewelry and pottery before visiting the food vendors for delicious grub. As one of the longest-running arts festivals in the state, this Oklahoma art show features more than 150 artists each year. Be sure to enjoy the sunshine while browsing the vast selection of designs and gifts, and make sure to stay until the end to see judges hand out awards to the top three artists per category.
Gather in downtown Sulphur's Artesian Plaza to celebrate First American arts during the annual Artesian Arts Festival. At this southeastern art tradition, visit one-of-a-kind artist booths representing 19 different tribes and discover must-have artwork like beautiful beadery, whimsical woodwork, stunning sculptures or pleasant pottery. Guests are sure to enjoy the live musical performances, tribal dance demonstrations, First American cuisine and children's activities.
A unique combination of performance and visual art, several chalk art festivals across the state pit participants in a race against the clock. Come by the Montmartre Chalk Art Festival in Chickasha to see artists create works of art using only chalk. At the Walkin' on Chalk Arts Festival in Altus, each participant is given a 6’ x 6’ section of pavement and roughly six hours to create their piece.
-
What is lobia in tamil?
Contextual translation of "lobia in tamil" into Tamil. Results for lobia dal translation from English to Tamil. 1 hr 20 minsBlack Eyed Bean or Karamani(காராமணி சுண்டல்) in Tamil is one of the most popular legumes used for preparing Sundal. Find what's the translation meaning for word lobia in tamil? Here's a list of translations. How to make - Lobia Curry Recipe - Black Eyed Beans Curry Recipe - Lobia Sabzi - Rongi.
-
What is mje in accounting?
A manual journal entry (MJE) that is recorded in a company's general journal usually consists of the transaction date, the amounts and accounts that will be debited, and the amounts and accounts and credited. What does MJE mean? Get the full information of MJE acronym / abbreviation / slang definitions at AcronymsandSlang. What does MJE stand for? Your abbreviation search returned 7 meanings. Looking for the definition of MJE? Find out what is the full meaning of MJE on Abbreviations. Established in 1994, MJE Marketing is a full-service marketing, design, advertising, public relations agency.
1 More Answer(s) available -
What is aws configure command?
This section explains how to configure the settings that the AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI) uses to interact with AWS. These include your security.
-
What is the english of loan maaf karna?
Contextual translation of "loan maaf karna" into English. Human translations with examples: mauf, fine to mafa, fee exemption, loan maf karna, rent maaf karna.
6 More Answer(s) available -
When dmv reopen?
Nevada Department of Motor Vehicles offices will reopen June 15 following a nearly three-month closure due to the coronavirus pandemic.
Department officials announced the opening date in a virtual news conference Monday. The reopening will mark the first time since March 17 that motorists will be allowed inside DMV locations to complete transactions.
Those who had a driver’s license renewal, a vehicle registration or any other time-sensitive document that lapsed during the closure have 90-day extensions. Those whose document expires between March 16 and June 16 will have 90 days from reopening to take care of their transaction. Those whose document falls within 30 days after June 16 have 60 days to complete their transactions.
“There is no need for most people to rush right down on Day One,” said Julie Butler, DMV director, during the virtual news conference. “We are going to be doing a phased reopening. We are are going to be serving those with the most urgent needs first and asking others to delay their visit for approximately 30 days or so.”
Renewals of documents that expired before March 16 also will be made a priority during the initial reopening date.
DMV officials recommend motorists take a three-step process upon returning. First, they should go online and see if they can complete their transaction there. If not, they are asked to wait, if possible, to let those with immediate needs complete their transactions in person first. Lastly, if they do require an immediate in-person visit, they should come prepared with all required documents and paperwork.
DMV: Go online first
During the first 30 days after reopening, the DMV will offer only services that directly affect a person’s ability to drive, the office announced last month.
Those transactions include driver’s license suspension or revocation reinstatements, driver’s license skills and knowledge tests, original vehicle registration of recently purchased vehicles not eligible for online registration, vehicle movement permits and title transfers.
“If you do not have the ability to drive legally, those are the types of transactions that we want to see in our office upon reopening,” Butler said. “But for everyone else that means we’re going to ask you to delay your visit for the first 30 days or so. Please don’t rush in if you can wait.”
The DMV will also prioritize transactions for those with disabilities or special needs, the elderly, or military members preparing for enlistment or deployment, Butler said.
Customers might be asked to wait outside in their vehicle until called. Customers will not be allowed to wait inside the offices for any extended period.
The offices may stop accepting new customers each afternoon based on demand.
The DMV will follow all social distancing guidelines recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Nevada Department of Health and Human Services. The department will limit the number of people in its buildings, including staff, to no more than 50 percent of the building occupancy limit.
DMV driving instructors will don face masks, face shields, gowns and gloves while motorists take the road test. Customers are urged to also wear a mask or face covering during the test. DMV staff in offices will wear masks, and customers are urged to do so, as well.
Appointments and driving skills tests will be available beginning June 15. DMV officials project they’ll be back at full service around mid- to late July.
Driving skills tests will be administered by appointment only.
The department staff was brought back to work May 26 and has been contacting customers with previous appointments and conducting vehicle registrations on a drop-off basis.
“We have been reaching out to people who had their appointments canceled during our closure and (have been) asking them to reschedule their appointments so that we can serve those folks who had appointments as part of our first in line process,” Butler said.
New technology
Upon reopening the DMV will implement two new technology services that were in planning stages before the closure.
The MyDMV online services portal now allows motorists to set up an account without using a Social Security number. This will give approximately 60,000 driver authorization card holders full access to DMV online services, including address changes, duplicate licenses and vehicle registration cancellation.
MyDMV will also ask all customers to answer security questions as an added security enhancement.
Additionally the DMV will launch “Mobile Ticket,” which will allow customers to check in and join the line by using their cellphones to scan a QR code or entering a web page link.
2 More Answer(s) available -
How to put diabetes into remission?
The strongest evidence we have suggests that diabetes is mainly put into remission by weight loss. If you have obesity, you are more likely to put your diabetes into remission if you lose a substantial amount of weight – 15kg (or 2 stone 5lbs) – as quickly and safely as possible following your diagnosis.
-
Kinesis aws use cases?
Common streaming use cases include sharing data between different applications, streaming extract-transform-load, and real-time analytics. For example, you can.
-
Colorado where to visit?
Known for its snowcapped peaks, national parks, hiking trails, skiing, and beyond, Colorado is, without a doubt, one of the coolest states to visit in the USA.
If you’re looking for some new Colorado vacation spots to add to your itinerary, this Colorado bucket list is for you.
Here are the coolest places in Colorado to visit!
Colorado is home to four stunning national parks to visit–and despite the Centennial State’s reputation for its incredible Rocky Mountain landscapes, each park is incredibly unique and well worth a visit!
Welcoming more than 3 million visitors each year, Rocky Mountain National Park is not only the state’s most popular national park, it’s easily one of the top places to visit in Colorado as a whole!
From snowcapped mountains to alpine lakes, and from challenging hikes to relaxing scenic drives, Rocky Mountain National Park has options for all kinds of travelers–the only thing you truly need to justify a visit is an appreciation for alpine beauty.
Some of the most popular things to do in RMNP include visiting Bear Lake, hiking to Emerald Lake and Dream Lake, driving the beautiful Trail Ridge Road, and checking out Old Fall River Road (either by car or by foot depending on the season).
If you’re visiting in winter, don’t worry, much of the park is still accessible–just be prepared to lace up your cross country skis to visit some of the most popular lakes!
From Megan of Red Around the World
Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park is an often-overlooked national park in Gunnison, Colorado–but if you add it to your list of beautiful places in Colorado to visit, there’s no doubt that you’ll be blown away.
It is one of the deepest canyons in North America at 8,043 feet deep. It’s hard to imagine that, even when you’re there looking at it. It’s easiest to visit the South Rim just outside of Gunnison which is also where you can access the river at the bottom of the canyon.
There is also access to the North Rim which is perfect if you want to get away from the already meager crowds.
Keep in mind that though the two rims look close to each other on a map, they’re a couple hours worth of driving apart.
While the park isn’t bursting with hiking trails, there are quite a few to choose from and just as many amazing viewpoints to stop at.
Keep your eyes peeled for bears while you’re exploring the park.
Even if you just have a couple of hours, it’s totally worth visiting. Most of the trails are short, under three miles round-trip.
The Oak Flat Loop Trail is great for people looking to hike below the rim but not all the way to the river. It’s two miles round-trip and can be narrow in some places, so be careful.
Also make sure to drive down to the river, even if just for the experience.
From James of Parks Collecting
Mesa Verde National Park is home to 600 cliff dwellings.
The Ancient Puebloans built their villages in overhangs in the side of steep cliffs and climbed down from above, using hand and footholds carved directly into the cliff.
Today, you can see many of them from overlooks at the top of the mesa and see some of them up close on guided tours. Bear in mind that you need to climb down ladders or steep steps to visit them.
The cliff dwellings are truly incredible to see. Highlights include Cliff Palace (the largest), Long House, and Balcony House (where you need to crawl through a very narrow tunnel to exit).
Each year, some of the other dwellings are also opened up to small group visits, with a ranger as a guide. You need to hike to these, and often climb down the original hand and footholds (with the help of modern-day chains to make it safer).
Whether you see the cliff dwellings from overlooks, on a guided tour, or a small group back-country hike, you are sure to be fascinated by them.
From Rai of A Rai of Light
Great Sand Dunes National Park, found in the Saguache and Alamosa Counties of southern Colorado, encompasses more than 100,000 acres of open-air adventure.
The fascination not only lies with the tallest sand dunes in North America, but also the surrounding landscape that features forests, snow-capped mountains, and rivers.
There is so much to do that 3 days is the minimum number of days to spend in and around the surrounding area. Top sights in the preserve include High Dune, Zapata Falls, Medano Pass.
Sandboarding is a popular activity and should not be missed. Other activities worth trying include sledding, horseback riding, and hiking to catch a beautiful sunrise.
The park is always open and no reservations are required. However, the best time to visit is during spring and fall.
The closest town is Mosca, but the park is easily reached from any major city as the San Luis Valley Airport is a mere 45-minute drive from the park’s entrance.
Known as the gateway to Rocky Mountain National Park, the charming small town of Estes Park easily ranks among the best places to visit in Colorado.
With its beautiful downtown (don’t miss a chance to stroll along the riverwalk!), its huge prevalance of elk living in and around the town, its beautiful lake, and the world-class nature of nearby hiking opportunities, Estes Park belongs on any Colorado bucket list.
While in Estes Park, be sure to stop by the historic Park Theatre, consider a whitewater rafting trip, go for a scenic drive, check out one of the town’s breweries, and pay a visit to the beautiful Stanley Hotel, which inspired Stephen King’s The Shining.
Even if you don’t check in, the hotel is still worth a peak!
And, of course, the main attraction lies just outside of town: no trip to Estes Park is complete without plenty of time spent in Rocky Mountain National Park!
From Martina + Jurgen of PlacesofJuma
Crested Butte in the Rocky Mountains is probably one of the most recommended places to visit in Colorado.
It is famous as a ski resort and is also considered to be the capital of wildflowers, making Crested Butte a fantastic year-round travel destination in Colorado.
In winter, the challenging ski slopes attract the best skiers and snowboarders. The cross-country ski trails, which are located around the city, add a special beauty to the unique landscape.
In the warm months, mountain bikers and hikers come to experience the unique nature of the region and the splendor of the flowers.
But not only is the surrounding nature gorgeous, but the town is also pretty too!
Crested Butte is an extremely pedestrian-friendly town, and walking around, you will discover picturesque historical buildings, great restaurants, and plenty of mountain views.
We also recommend a visit in July, when the famous Crested Butte Wildflower Festival takes place.
Colorado’s capital city is arguably one of the trendiest and fastest-growing cities in the country–and given that Denver offers a fantastic array of things to do while also being located within proximity of epic mountain hikes, it’s no surprise.
Known for its breweries, parks, and proximity to Rocky Mountain National Park as well as popular mountain towns like Boulder and Estes Park, Denver makes a fantastic weekend getaway destination.
While you’re in Denver, consider catching a game at Coor’s Field, seeing a show at the iconic Red Rocks Amphitheatre, strolling down the 16th Street Mall, stopping by Larimer Square, and–of course–hitting up a few of those popular breweries.
If you’re looking to add some museum-hopping to your Denver itinerary, the city also has you covered, from classics like the Denver Art Museum to more unique options like the Wings Over the Rockies Air & Space Museum.
From Liz of Peanuts or Pretzels
Steamboat Springs might be a popular ski town in Colorado and home to many former Olympians, but a visit here can feel less like your typical Colorado ski resort vacation and more like an adventure.
This is a town with a vibrant local community, humorous traditions, and lively Western history.
A four-season destination, there’s plenty of things to do year-round in Steamboat. But for many, winter is the most magical time.
Winter sports are everywhere, not just the main ski resort.
The locals even have their own hill in the center of town and during the Winter Carnival each February, the town comes alive with ski contests (complete with light-up costumes and fireworks), outdoor concerts, sculptures, and parades where horses pull thrill-seekers on skis over jumps right through the middle of town!
After all of that winter fun, take a soothing dip in one of the hot springs around town, such as Strawberry Hot Springs, a local favorite for its natural scenery tucked back in a canyon.
From Karen of Outdoor Adventure Sampler
Consistently ranked among the best places to visit in Colorado, Breckenridge is a charming town in the heart of the Rockies with non-stop activities and scenic beauty.
Visit the craft breweries and fabulous restaurants in this town surrounded by mountain peaks. Breckenridge chefs feature local farm-to-table ingredients. In Breckenridge’s historic district you can learn the story of this old mining town.
Breckenridge is famous for its world-class cross country and alpine skiing, making it one of the most classic Colorado vacation spots. The Breckenridge ski resort boasts 5 mountains and 187 trails.
In the summer you will find wildflowers as you hike into an alpine meadow or a cascading waterfall. In fall, the blazing colors of the aspens are spectacular.
Breckenridge is an outdoor enthusiast’s mecca. Rafting, ziplining, fly fishing, and biking are a few of the outdoor adventures to try. Hikers will love the hundreds of nearby trails.
Don’t miss a chance to take the free gondola ride up into the mountains. It’s not unusual to see moose or a bald eagle from your vantage point high above the meadows.
From Mark of Summer Camp Hub
Glenwood Springs is a city right by the Rocky Mountains famous for the array of hot springs in the area. It’s renowned as an excellent Colorado vacation spot for just about everyone, including families and would-be adventurers.
If you’re looking to soak in hot springs, you need to visit Iron Mountain Hot Springs. There are 16 hot springs you can enjoy while getting a scenic view of the Rocky Mountains.
If you’re looking to go hiking, then the Glenwood Canyon is readily available with hikes like the Grizzly Creek and the Hanging Lake.
There are also plenty of other outdoor thrilling activities you can do like paragliding and rafting.
If you’re visiting as a family, there are plenty of outdoor kid-friendly activities children can participate in.
With such a huge opportunity for children to receive an outdoor education, it’s no surprise that there are numerous summer camps in the state and city.
Apart from outdoor adventures to partake in, be sure to visit the famous comedy shows that go on at the Glenwood Vaudeville Revue.
From Melissa of Navigation Junkie
Manitou Springs is a historic city located just outside of Colorado Springs with roots tracing back to the Pikes Peak gold rush.
It is the perfect Colorado bucket list destination for some small-town charm, natural beauty, culture, and fun!
A visit to Manitou Springs would not be complete without taking a self-guided walking tour of the springs. There are eight springs in total along a 1.4-mile trail through town, each with its own unique mineral content.
The Manitou Cliff Dwellings, authentic relocated Pueblos, is another must-visit spot in Manitou Springs.
For some more hiking, climb the Incline near Pikes Peak for some stunning views, or if you prefer not to hike, drive the Pikes Peak Highway to the summit.
After a long day of exploring, find plenty of food and bar options in downtown Manitou Springs.
If traveling with kids, be sure to check out the world-famous Penny Arcade for games, kiddie rides, and prizes! And finally stop in at Pike’s Peak Ice Cream for some tasty treats and ice cream!
From Daria of The Discovery Nut
Telluride is a small but mighty town with colorful mining history and unparalleled landscapes that draw visitors from all over the country.
Tucked away in the box canyon in San Juan Mountains in southwest Colorado, Telluride is definitely an exclusive destination as it’s not easy to get to. It takes about 5-6 hours from Denver to get here, and the local airport doesn’t have big commercial flights.
Telluride is a scenic destination that is renowned for its year-round outdoor opportunities, gorgeous nature, and a vibrant art scene, so it’s not just skiing that brings so many people here (Although Telluride does have some great slopes).
Telluride also offers some of the best hiking trails in Colorado from the iconic Blue Lakes a short drive away to Jud Wiebe Memorial Trail that can be accessed from downtown Telluride.
For an amazing experience, take a free gondola between Telluride and Mountain Village from where you can get a panoramic view of the San Juan Mountains.
Visitors also enjoy an ice rink at Hotel Madeline or get a tour of the area to learn about its history of silver mining.
Downtown Telluride is home to a big art scene with several galleries and you can easily participate in one of the organized tours.
From Jess of I’m Jess Traveling
Vail, Colorado is one of the best places to visit in the state. Known for its world-class ski runs and luxurious accommodations, Vail is a sought-after destination worldwide.
You can travel to Vail year-round but the best time to visit Vail is in the winter. With over 5,000 acres of skiable terrain, Vail Ski Resort is not only one of the biggest in the United States but it’s also extremely popular.
From the legendary back bowls to the bunny hill, Vail mountain offers something for every ability level.
Vail Village is full of boutique shops, fun bars, and tasty restaurants. One of the best bars in Vail Village is Vendetta’s. Come here for a fun environment, apres drinks, and cheap pizza.
If you are looking for more of an intimate dining experience reserve a table at one of the several on-mountain restaurants like Game Creek.
Whatever it is that peaks your interest, Vail, Colorado is a Colorado travel destination for the whole family to enjoy.
From Agnes of The Van Escape
Pagosa Springs is a town picturesquely situated on the San Juan River in the southwestern part of Colorado.
It is worth adding it to the road trip itinerary, especially when you plan also visit Durango and Great Sand Dunes National Park. Pagosa Springs will be the perfect stop for a longer break on the US-160W route.
The town is famous for its magnificent thermal springs, thanks to which it owes its name. In Ute, “pagosah” means “healing waters.” Pagosa is the home of the world’s deepest geothermal hot spring.
So, the best thing you can do in this town is soaked up the hot springs and relax.
The mineral-rich waters fill the baths at The Springs Resort & Spa, The Overlook Hot Springs, and Healing Waters Resort & Spa. Each of them is open to the public.
In addition to the hot springs resorts, there are interesting and picturesque hiking trails around Pagosa Springs. You can admire fabulous waterfalls like Treasure Falls or Piedra Falls. Moreover, rafting and kayaking trips are popular on the San Juan River.
From Jenny of Limitless Hiker
Spend a weekend or even a long weekend exploring Colorado Springs. It’s the perfect amount of time to experience the highlights of this small town in Colorado.
Colorado Springs is well known for its Manitou Springs Incline which gains nearly 2,000 feet of elevation over less than 1 mile. Whether you’re looking for a tough workout to start training for Colorado 14ers (14,000-foot mountains), or just want to challenge yourself, this incline trail is a must.
Colorado Springs is also known for the beautiful Garden of the Gods park.
The Garden of the Gods is known for its bright orange rock formations. It’s a popular spot among rock climbers or you can spend some time biking around or even hiking around.
Next on the list of must-see places in Colorado Springs is Pikes Peak. Which is the only 14er in this area. You have the option of hiking to the top, which is 26.2 miles round trip with around 7,500 feet of elevation gain, or you could also hike one way and have someone pick you up at the top. The other alternative is to drive to the top.
After you’ve had a good workout from all of that hiking, head over to the SunWater Spa and soak in their hot springs. This is a rewarding treat after a hard workout.
From Ankita of My Travelling Stilettos
Nestled in the Roaring Fork Valley in Colorado’s Rocky Mountains, Aspen is the most famous ski resort town in the US and one of the best vacation spots in Colorado.
Long snowy winters thanks to the elevation of 8000 ft and proximity of four world-renowned Ski Resorts made it the favorite ski destination for celebrities and private citizens alike.
It is situated 200 miles away from Denver and can be reached easily by road.
Skiing, snowboarding, snowshoeing, ice skating, snowmobiling, sledding are the most popular activities to do in the winter.
Not an adventure junkie? Explore Aspen town.
Visit Wheeler Opera House and Hotel Jerom, catch glimpses of annual film and music festivals or experience a fine dining meal from the plethora of world-class restaurants.
Spring and falls are the ideal time to take mountain gondola rides to the top of Elks Mountains and enjoy breathtaking views along the way.
Aspen has many hiking and mountain biking trails to enjoy when it is not snowing.
From Trijit of Budget Travel Buff
Looking to get beyond Colorado’s famous ski towns and find some cheaper places in Colorado to visit that are still worthy of a Colorado bucket list? Look no further than Grand Junction.
Located at the confluence of the Gunnison and Colorado rivers, Grand Junction is such a beautiful place that offers everything from natural scenic views to Colorado adventures without burning a hole in your pocket.
It is just a short drive away from Utah and around 245 miles away from Denver. Not only for outdoor adventures but this popular Colorado town is also known as Colorado’s Wine County as it is home to many wineries.
From exploring historic downtown to wine tasting and hiking nearby trails, you will find plenty of things to do in Grand Junction.
Discover Grand Junction’s historic downtown district which is filled with varieties of mixed art galleries, sculptures, local boutiques, restaurants, and breweries.
Next, visit the Colorado National Monument, where you just may think that you’ve been transporated to the rocky landscape of southern Utah.
Located just a short drive from downtown, these natural stunning landscapes of red rock formations will leave you awestruck.
Grand Junction is also a great place for wine lovers. If you visit this place in summer or spring, don’t miss a wine tasting tour. Enjoy the views of the vineyards while sipping on some of the best quality wines.
From Krystianna of Delightfully Denver
One of the most underrated places to visit in Colorado is the town of Golden!
This town has deep-rooted wild west vibes and is home to some amazing attractions that you won’t want to miss when visiting this state. Plus, one day in Golden is all you need.
Even though Denver is home to Coors Field, Golden is actually where Coors Brewery is located.
The brewery hosts tours for the public, and you can even catch a shuttle bus from downtown Golden to easily get there if you’re traveling without a car.
Golden is also one of the best towns near Denver for hiking. There are a few mountains to hike here, including Lookout Mountain and Table Mountain, and both are equally great.
Downtown Golden is lovely too. There’s a huge “Welcome to Golden” sign that gets decorated for the holidays. You can find a bunch of local shops and restaurants throughout downtown Golden like Woody’s Wood Fired Pizza.
If you’re wondering where to go in Colorado and want to visit a small western town, Golden is the perfect place!
From Corritta of It’s a Family Thing
One of the best-kept secrets of Colorado is Canon City. I know you may be wondering what makes this one of the best places in Colorado, and that’s the Royal Gorge Bridge.
Only an hour away from Colorado Springs, Canon City is a small town with a big bridge. The Royal Gorge Bridge is the highest suspended bridge in the United States. The bridge is over 900 feet above the Arkansas River.
It is a sight to see and even more amazing to walk. Along with walking across the over 1200 footbridge, you can also ride the gondola across the gorge, zipline, or fly on the royal rush sky coaster.
As if that wasn’t enough, you can head down to the gorge and enjoy a train ride along the Arkansas River. You can relax and have dinner while learning more about Canon City.
If you are up for an adventure, you can raft on the Arkansas River. Take of the waters while taking in the beautiful scenic views.
In the spring, you can enjoy the music and blossom festival, which is a celebration of the upcoming cherry and apple crop.
Canon City is the perfect small-town with diners, shops, boutiques, and few traffic lights. Be sure to stop at Julian’s Taco Shop downtown; you won’t regret it.
From Dymphe of Dym Abroad
Aurora is one of the best places in Colorado. You find the city to the east of Denver.
There are lots of great things to do and see in the city of Aurora. For example, there are a lot of outdoor activities and there is beautiful nature.
One of the best things to do in Aurora is going to Cherry Creek State Park. This is a beautiful park with lots of places with water. It is the perfect place for a relaxing walk while seeing the Rocky Mountains in the background.
Another great thing about Cherry Greek State Park is that there are many water activities. Besides that, another great thing to do in Aurora is visiting the Wings Over the Rockies Air & Space Museum. This is a very interesting museum to visit.
Also, you should go to Fiddler’s Green Amphitheatre. This is a very large outdoor amphitheater where many events throughout the year take place.
From Allison of She Dreams of Alpine
If standing on the summit of a 14er is on your Colorado bucket list, don’t miss a trip to Mount Evans.
You can reach the 14,265-foot summit of this mountain in multiple ways, so you get to decide how hard you want to work to get to the top.
Mount Evans is located about 60 miles west of Denver, along Mount Evans Scenic Byway (aka Highway 5), which is the highest paved road in the whole country.
You can actually drive it straight to the top with only a short stroll to the true summit from the parking lot.
For the extra bragging rights and experience of hiking a 14er, pull off earlier on the road and park at Summit Lake trailhead.
From there, hike approximately 4.5 miles round trip (with 2300 feet of elevation gain) to get to the summit of Mount Evans.
If you prefer pedal power, you can bike to the summit as well.
Be aware that the road to the trailhead and summit is closed in winter, so plan to visit Mount Evans in spring, summer, or fall.
From Jesal of Tourist to Travellers
Grand Lake Colorado, the largest natural lake in Colorado is a picturesque sight with snow-capped mountains and a breathtaking backdrop of the wild Rocky Mountains, and it ranks among the best Colorado vacation spots!
At 8300 feet above sea level, the scenery is unmatched and the sprawling greenery is soothing to one’s eyes.
It’s also an ideal basecamp for the adventure seeker.
While visiting Grand Lake, be sure to take a scenic walk along the lakeshore, relax on the beach, take a few hikes to enjoy the scenery, and keep an eye out for wildlife.
You could hire a cozy cabin in the woods and spend some time with your loved ones.
If you’re visiting this beautiful place in Colorado during winter, consider trying out skiing or snowboarding during your trip.
From Meg of Fox in the Forest
Willow Lakes in Colorado brings the drama of the Colorado Gore Range to life.
If you’re up for a challenging hike that makes up for every drop of sweat with fantastic scenery, this is definitely one of the best places in Colorado to please your adventurous soul!
Known for its rugged trails, fantastic mountain views, and jaw-dropping views of alpine lakes (one which is backdropped by an impressive series of gendarmes, the Zodiac Spires), Willow Lakes will greet you every step of the way with yet another wonderful view (usually better than the last!).
Another highlight? The entire trail is lined with flowers, which makes it one of the best wildflower hikes in Colorado!
One of the coolest things to do at Willow Lakes (aside from dropping your jaw to the ground at the scenery) is camping in one of the most beautiful places to visit in Colorado.
4 More Answer(s) available -
Aws iot greengrass sdk?
The AWS IoT Greengrass Core SDK enables Lambda functions to interact with the Greengrass core, publish messages to AWS IoT, interact with the local shadow.
-
where kaong came from?
Arenga pinnata (syn. Arenga saccharifera) is an economically important feather palm native to tropical Asia, from eastern India east to Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines in the east. Common names include sugar palm, areng palm (also aren palm or arengga palm), black sugar palm, and kaong palm, among other names.
It is a medium-sized palm, growing to 20 metres (66 feet) tall, with the trunk remaining covered by the rough old leaf bases. The leaves are 6–12 m (20–39 ft) long and 1.5 m (5 ft) broad, pinnate, with the pinnae in 1–6 rows, 40–70 centimetres (16–28 inches) long and 5 cm (2 in) broad. The fruit is subglobose, 7 cm (3 in) diameter, green maturing black.
A. pinnata suffers from the Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus. A. pinnata is one of the major hosts for R. ferrugineus in China.
It is not a threatened species, though it is locally rare in some parts of its range. It serves as an important part of the diet of several endangered species, including cloud rats of the genus Phloeomys.
The timber is used for high grade construction, posts, beams, faters, flooring, interior finish, wharf bridge building and other uses where strength and durability are important.
The sap is harvested for commercial use in southeast Asia, yielding a sugar known in India as gur or in Indonesia as gula aren. The sap is collected and made as lahang, a traditional cold sweet drink, and is also fermented into vinegar (Filipino sukang kaong), palm wine (Filipino tubâ, Malaysian and Indonesian tuak, in eastern Indonesia sageru), which in turn is distilled into a spirit (sopi in Maluku, cap tikus in North Sulawesi).
Edmund Roberts talks about drinking an alcoholic beverage made in the Cavite area. He described it as a "fermented" and "intoxicating liquor". He said that it was "the pith furnished with sugar – when the liquor was properly boiled down, a farina...and of the inside of its triangular-shaped fruit a sweetbread was made."
Sugar (jaggery) is also commonly derived from the fresh sap in Indonesia and the Philippines. These are traditionally prevented from fermenting by placing crushed chili or ginger in the collecting container. The sap is boiled until it reduces to a thick syrup which is then dried into a brown sugar. Similar sugar extraction methods are also traditionally used for other sugar palms, like the buri palm (Corypha elata).
The raw juice and pulp are caustic. This crop may develop into a major resource of biofuel (ethanol).
The immature fruits are widely consumed in the Philippines (called kaong) and Indonesia (called buah kolang-kaling or buah tap) and are made into canned fruits after they are boiled in sugar syrup.
The dark fibrous bark (known as doh in India; ijuk in Indonesia; and yumot or cabo negro in the Philippines), is manufactured into cordage, brushes, brooms, thatch roofing, or filters.
According to the study on bas-reliefs of Javanese ancient temples such as Borobudur, this type of roof are known in ancient Java vernacular architecture. It can be found today in Balinese temple roof architecture and Minangkabau Rumah Gadang gonjong horn-like curved roof architecture, such as those found in Pagaruyung Palace.
The leaves as well as the leaf midribs can be used to weave baskets and marquetry work in furniture.
In Indonesia, starch can also be extracted from sugar palms and used in place of rice flour in noodles, cakes, and other dishes.
The seeds can be boiled and the stem tips can be eaten as vegetables. The young flower stalks can be bruised to obtain the juice.
In the Philippines, an annual Irok Festival is celebrated in the municipality of Indang in Cavite which is a major producer of kaong fruits, sukang kaong, and tubâ in the country. Irok is a local name for Arenga pinnata in the northwestern Philippines.
According to Sundanese folklore, the spirit known as Wewe Gombel dwells in the Arenga pinnata palm, where she also has her nest and keeps the children she abducts.
2 More Answer(s) available -
How to /effect minecraft?
Try the Commands Troubleshooting and Help page if you get stuff with server errors.
Make commands to give players effects such as hunger and darkness, with easy target selector. For both Minecraft Java and Bedrock. There is a different command syntax for both versions, so make sure you choose the version applicable to you. Java and bedrock also have some different effects not available in the other.
Select the effect can harm or help a player. Seconds will set how long the effect will last for. Amplifier will increase the effect on the player, for example the greater the Jump boost amplifier the higher the player will jump. Hide particles will prevent particles appearing around the player whilst the effect in active.
The clear effect command is also selectable. As with the give effect command there is a different syntax between Java and Bedrock. Java supports clearing individual effects, where as Bedrock only supports clear all.
2 More Answer(s) available -
What are local norms?
Local norms allow for within-group comparisons. Students are compared against students who share similar characteristics such as grade, race or school attended, rather than against the student body as a whole. Local norms are calculated using students with similar backgrounds from one or more districts in a region.
-
What is ghibah in islam?
The messager de Allh is saying:
" "
Celui pour qui Allh veut le bien, Il lui facilite l'apprentissage de la religion. Certes la science de la religion is related to transmission orale.
L'importance d'Apprendre la science de la religion is related to transmission orale.
Islam Dourous courses are audio islamic courses.
SunniteSunni is available on YouTube.
Islam.ms has a Facebook page
1 More Answer(s) available -
What is msft charge on my credit card?
Microsoft Charges on Credit Card is investigating complaints on behalf of consumers who received a charge on their credit card or bank statements reading “MSFT *ONLINE BILL.MS.NET WAUS.” It has been alleged that Microsoft may be charging a “membership fee” without the consumer's authorization.
5 More Answer(s) available -
What is pfk gang?
The most dangerous gang in Atlanta. He was first shot and then a couple of days later robbed. The US state of Georgia has seen a rise in the number of gangs over recent years, in the main focused on the illegal drug trade. The Atlanta Police Department has files on 145 gangs operating in the city.
-
Where is the closest fedex depot?
- Login to your FedEx account and choose the 'File a claim' option from the support tab.
- Start a claim by entering your tracking/PRO number and selecting your claim type.
- Add the supporting documents necessary to validate your claim.
- Review your form and submit the claim.
1 More Answer(s) available -
How to find amazon quiz winners?
Online shopping from a great selection at Amazon Contest Winners Store.. Check 20 winners. Winners. Daily Quiz Time. Contest date Jun 23, 2022.
-
How to check dmf?
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a potent allergenic sensitiser that is used for its antifungal properties. It is good at stopping the growth of mould in finished products such as leather couches and shoes. The white crystalline powder is packaged into small sachets, similar to silica gel sachets used to remove moisture. Whilst silica gel is an inert substance that removes moisture, it is not that effective in preventing mould growth in large leather items, hence the use of DMF sachets.
DMF sachets are found stapled to the wooden frame or directly under the leather covering of couches. They are also placed directly into packaging such as shoe boxes. Although finished leather goods hold very little moisture and, therefore, not prone to mould, the problem arises when transporting these items between different climates. Confined spaces and humid environments can lead to moisture build-up and mould growth. The crystalline DMF powder works to prevent mould growth by evaporating over time. However, during this process it also permeates the leather goods.
Allergy to dimethyl fumarate Dimethyl fumarate sachet
In DMF allergic individuals, contact with DMF produces classic allergic contact dermatitis. In high enough concentrations it may also cause irritant contact dermatitis. The skin affected by the dermatitis can be severe, red, swollen, scaly and itchy. The rash is often seen on the backs of the legs, buttocks and back of patients who have sat on a DMF-contaminated couch. Hence the condition is commonly known as “sofa dermatitis”. Very low levels of DMF (<1ppm2) can trigger a reaction in individuals who are sensitive to the substance. DMF can permeate fabric so areas of skin covered in clothing may also be affected. Continued and repeated exposure to DMF will lead to worsening of symptoms.
Back in 2006-8 there was an outbreak of furniture-related dermatitis in Finland, UK and France. In some cases the rash was quite severe, resembling mycosis fungoides or septic infections (impetigo), and required hospitalisation. Thorough investigation led to the discovery that all patients had purchased leather furniture prior to developing the dermatitis and all the furniture was traced back to a furniture factory in China whom was using DMF to prevent mould growth.
DMF has also been implicated in foot / shoe dermatitis. In one case the dermatitis started as an acute, sharply demarcated eczema that matched exactly to the contact area of the shoe exposure. The patient had worn a pair of new shoes for approximately 8 hours. The high concentration of DMF produced an irritant contact dermatitis rather than allergic contact dermatitis.
Dimethyl fumarate was declared the Contact Allergen of the Year for 2011 by the American Contact Dermatitis Society (ACDS).
Allergy to dimethyl fumarate: sofa dermatitis Allergy to dimethyl fumarate: sofa dermatitis
DMF allergy is diagnosed by performing special allergy tests, i.e. patch tests. Concentrations of 0.001 to 0.1% dimethyl fumarate in petrolatum or aqueous solution can be used for patch testing. However, due to the high risk of irritant reactions and active sensitization caused by DMF some researchers have recommended concentrations of 0.003% or 0.005% as an upper limit. Currently DMF is not included in most baseline series for patch testing and more studies are required to determine the exact concentration of DMF to be used.
Confirmation of DMF allergy requires the prompt removal of the causative agent and then management as for any acute dermatitis/eczema; this may include treatment with topical corticosteroids and emollients. In severe cases, patients may be hospitalized and treated with systemic steroids.
In the European Union, the use of DMF has been banned since 1998. In January 2009, the European regulators also banned the import of products containing DMF as a result of severe cases of dermatitis caused by DMF in imported products. However, in the United States and Australasia there is no regulation of products containing dimethyl fumarate.
Recently in Australia there have been reports of DMF sachets found in imported children's school shoes. Tests performed by the Council of Textile and Fashion Industries showed that 25% of shoes bought from major retailers contained DMF.
If you have sensitivity to DMF you should clearly avoid any contact with products that may have been contaminated with the substance. Sachets labelled “mould inhibitor” or “anti-mould” are likely to contain DMF and should not be touched. Sachets commonly found in shoe boxes or other packaged goods, labelled “silica gel”, should be handled with caution as it has been discovered that some of these may contain both silica gel and DMF, but are labelled only as silica gel sachets.
Items such as shoes that have been in a box with DMF sachets should be left for several months in the open air before the level of DMF can be considered harmless. Unfortunately, in some shoes DMF may have been incorporated into the structure of the shoe and the evaporation of DMF to reach safe levels may be years instead of months.
It is difficult to avoid DMF as products are not identified as containing the substance. Patients and doctors need to be aware of DMF allergy if unexplained skin reactions occur, particularly if a new item of furniture or clothing has been purchased recently that coincides with the dermatitis. Your dermatologist may have further specific advice, particularly if you are highly sensitive to DMF.
Formula: C6H8O4
CAS number: 624-49-7
Cross reactions:
Appearance: fine white crystalline powder
1 More Answer(s) available -
Why are pickles bad for diabetics?
They are extremely high in sodium, with 808 milligrams (mg) in a 100-g serving. Since a person living with diabetes is already at higher risk of developing heart disease and high blood pressure, they should only eat dill pickles in moderation to avoid too much sodium in their diet.
-
How to create aws waf?
Sign in to the AWS Management Console and open the AWS WAF console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/wafv2/. Choose Web ACLs in the navigation pane,.
-
which example describes a use for gemstones?
A gemstone (also called a fine gem, jewel, precious stone, semiprecious stone, or simply gem) is a piece of mineral crystal which, in cut and polished form, is used to make jewelry or other adornments.[1][2][3] However, certain rocks (such as lapis lazuli, opal, and obsidian) and occasionally organic materials that are not minerals (such as amber, jet, and pearl) are also used for jewelry and are therefore often considered to be gemstones as well. Most gemstones are hard, but some soft minerals are used in jewelry because of their luster or other physical properties that have aesthetic value. Rarity and notoriety are other characteristics that lend value to gemstones.
Found all over the world, the industry of coloured gemstones (this meaning anything other than diamonds) is currently estimated to be around 10–12 billion US dollars.[4]
Apart from jewelry, from earliest antiquity engraved gems and hardstone carvings, such as cups, were major luxury art forms. A gem expert is a gemologist, a gem maker is called a lapidarist or gemcutter; a diamond cutter is called a diamantaire.
The traditional classification in the West, which goes back to the ancient Greeks, begins with a distinction between precious and semi-precious; similar distinctions are made in other cultures. In modern use, the precious stones are emerald, ruby, sapphire and diamond, with all other gemstones being semi-precious.[5] This distinction reflects the rarity of the respective stones in ancient times, as well as their quality: all are translucent with fine color in their purest forms, except for the colorless diamond, and very hard, with hardnesses of 8 to 10 on the Mohs scale. Other stones are classified by their color, translucency, and hardness. The traditional distinction does not necessarily reflect modern values; for example, while garnets are relatively inexpensive, a green garnet called tsavorite can be far more valuable than a mid-quality emerald.[6] Another traditional term for semi-precious gemstones used in art history and archaeology is hardstone. Use of the terms 'precious' and 'semi-precious' in a commercial context is, arguably, misleading in that it suggests certain stones are more valuable than others, when this is not reflected in the actual market value.
In modern times gemstones are identified by gemologists, who describe gems and their characteristics using technical terminology specific to the field of gemology. The first characteristic a gemologist uses to identify a gemstone is its chemical composition. For example, diamonds are made of carbon (C) and rubies of aluminium oxide (Al2O3). Many gems are crystals which are classified by their crystal system such as cubic or trigonal or monoclinic. Another term used is habit, the form the gem is usually found in. For example, diamonds, which have a cubic crystal system, are often found as octahedrons.
Gemstones are classified into different groups, species, and varieties.[citation needed] For example, ruby is the red variety of the species corundum, while any other color of corundum is considered sapphire. Other examples are the emerald (green), aquamarine (blue), red beryl (red), goshenite (colorless), heliodor (yellow), and morganite (pink), which are all varieties of the mineral species beryl.
Gems are characterized in terms of refractive index, dispersion, specific gravity, hardness, cleavage, fracture and luster. They may exhibit pleochroism or double refraction. They may have luminescence and a distinctive absorption spectrum.
Material or flaws within a stone may be present as inclusions.
Gemstones may also be classified in terms of their "water". This is a recognized grading of the gem's luster, transparency, or "brilliance".[7] Very transparent gems are considered "first water", while "second" or "third water" gems are those of a lesser transparency.[8]
Gemstones have no universally accepted grading system. Diamonds are graded using a system developed by the Gemological Institute of America (GIA) in the early 1950s. Historically, all gemstones were graded using the naked eye. The GIA system included a major innovation: the introduction of 10x magnification as the standard for grading clarity. Other gemstones are still graded using the naked eye (assuming 20/20 vision).[9]
A mnemonic device, the "four Cs" (color, cut, clarity, and carats), has been introduced to help describe the factors used to grade a diamond.[10] With modification, these categories can be useful in understanding the grading of all gemstones. The four criteria carry different weights depending upon whether they are applied to colored gemstones or to colorless diamonds. In diamonds, the cut is the primary determinant of value, followed by clarity and color. The ideal cut diamond will sparkle, to break down light into its constituent rainbow colors (dispersion), chop it up into bright little pieces (scintillation), and deliver it to the eye (brilliance). In its rough crystalline form, a diamond will do none of these things; it requires proper fashioning and this is called "cut". In gemstones that have color, including colored diamonds, the purity, and beauty of that color is the primary determinant of quality.
Physical characteristics that make a colored stone valuable are color, clarity to a lesser extent (emeralds will always have a number of inclusions), cut, unusual optical phenomena within the stone such as color zoning (the uneven distribution of coloring within a gem) and asteria (star effects). Ancient Greeks, for example, greatly valued asteria gemstones, which they regarded as powerful love charms, and Helen of Troy was supposed to have worn star-corundum.[11][failed verification]
Aside from the diamond, ruby, sapphire, and emerald, the pearl (not, strictly speaking, a gemstone) and opal[12] have also been considered[by whom?] to be precious. Up to the discoveries of bulk amethyst in Brazil in the 19th century, amethyst was considered a "precious stone" as well, going back to ancient Greece. Even in the last century certain stones such as aquamarine, peridot and cat's eye (cymophane) have been popular and hence been regarded as precious.
Today the gemstone trade no longer makes such a distinction.[13] Many gemstones are used in even the most expensive jewelry, depending on the brand-name of the designer, fashion trends, market supply, treatments, etc. Nevertheless, diamonds, rubies, sapphires, and emeralds still have a reputation that exceeds those of other gemstones.[14]
Rare or unusual gemstones, generally understood to include those gemstones which occur so infrequently in gem quality that they are scarcely known except to connoisseurs, include andalusite, axinite, cassiterite, clinohumite and red beryl.[15]
Gemstone pricing and value are governed by factors and characteristics in the quality of the stone. These characteristics include clarity, rarity, freedom from defects, the beauty of the stone, as well as the demand for such stones. There are different pricing influencers for both colored gemstones, and for diamonds. The pricing on colored stones is determined by market supply-and-demand, but diamonds are more intricate.[16] Diamond value can change based on location, time, and on the evaluations of diamond vendors.[17][failed verification]
Proponents of energy medicine also value gemstones on the basis of alleged healing powers.[18]
There are a number of laboratories which grade and provide reports on gemstones.[13]
Each laboratory has its own methodology to evaluate gemstones. A stone can be called "pink" by one lab while another lab calls it "padparadscha". One lab can conclude a stone is untreated, while another lab might conclude that it is heat-treated.[13] To minimize such differences, seven of the most respected labs, AGTA-GTL (New York), CISGEM (Milano), GAAJ-ZENHOKYO (Tokyo), GIA (Carlsbad), GIT (Bangkok), Gübelin (Lucerne) and SSEF (Basel), have established the Laboratory Manual Harmonisation Committee (LMHC), for the standardization of wording reports, promotion of certain analytical methods and interpretation of results. Country of origin has sometimes been difficult to determine, due to the constant discovery of new source locations. Determining a "country of origin" is thus much more difficult than determining other aspects of a gem (such as cut, clarity, etc.).[20]
Another important new gemstone that has been rising in popularity is Cuprian Elbaite Tourmaline which are also called "Paraiba Tourmaline". Paraiba tourmaline were first discovered in early 1990 and recently in 2007 in Mozambique, Africa.[21] They are famous for their Glowing Neon Blue Color. Paraiba Tourmaline have become one of the most popular gemstones in recent times thanks to their unique color and recently considered to be one of the important gemstones after Ruby, Emerald and Sapphire according to Gübelin Gemlab. Even though it is a tourmaline, paraiba are considered to be one of the most expensive gemstones.
Gem dealers are aware of the differences between gem laboratories and will make use of the discrepancies to obtain the best possible certificate.[13]
A few gemstones are used as gems in the crystal or other forms in which they are found. Most, however, are cut and polished for usage as jewelry. The two main classifications are stones cut as smooth, dome-shaped stones called cabochons, and stones which are cut with a faceting machine by polishing small flat windows called facets at regular intervals at exact angles.
Stones which are opaque or semi-opaque such as opal, turquoise, variscite, etc. are commonly cut as cabochons. These gems are designed to show the stone's color or surface properties as in opal and star sapphires. Grinding wheels and polishing agents are used to grind, shape and polish the smooth dome shape of the stones.[22]
Gems that are transparent are normally faceted, a method that shows the optical properties of the stone's interior to its best advantage by maximizing reflected light which is perceived by the viewer as sparkle. There are many commonly used shapes for faceted stones. The facets must be cut at the proper angles, which varies depending on the optical properties of the gem. If the angles are too steep or too shallow, the light will pass through and not be reflected back toward the viewer. The faceting machine is used to hold the stone onto a flat lap for cutting and polishing the flat facets.[23] Rarely, some cutters use special curved laps to cut and polish curved facets.
The color of any material is due to the nature of light itself. Daylight, often called white light, is all of the colors of the spectrum combined. When light strikes a material, most of the light is absorbed while a smaller amount of a particular frequency or wavelength is reflected. The part that is reflected reaches the eye as the perceived color. A ruby appears red because it absorbs all the other colors of white light while reflecting the red.
A material which is mostly the same can exhibit different colors. For example, ruby and sapphire have the same primary chemical composition (both are corundum) but exhibit different colors because of impurities. Even the same named gemstone can occur in many different colors: sapphires show different shades of blue and pink and "fancy sapphires" exhibit a whole range of other colors from yellow to orange-pink, the latter called "padparadscha sapphire".[24]
This difference in color is based on the atomic structure of the stone. Although the different stones formally have the same chemical composition and structure, they are not exactly the same. Every now and then an atom is replaced by a completely different atom, sometimes as few as one in a million atoms. These so-called impurities are sufficient to absorb certain colors and leave the other colors unaffected.
For example, beryl, which is colorless in its pure mineral form, becomes emerald with chromium impurities. If manganese is added instead of chromium, beryl becomes pink morganite. With iron, it becomes aquamarine.
Some gemstone treatments make use of the fact that these impurities can be "manipulated", thus changing the color of the gem.
Gemstones are often treated to enhance the color or clarity of the stone. In some cases, the treatment applied to the gemstone can also increase its durability. Even though natural gemstones can be transformed using the traditional method of cutting and polishing, other treatment options allow the stone's appearance to be enhanced.[25] Depending on the type and extent of treatment, they can affect the value of the stone. Some treatments are used widely because the resulting gem is stable, while others are not accepted most commonly because the gem color is unstable and may revert to the original tone.[26]
Before the innovation of modern-day tools, thousands of years ago, people were recorded to use a variety of techniques to treat and enhance gemstones. Some of the earliest methods of gemstone treatment date back to the Minoan Age, for example, foiling, which is where metal foil is used to enhance a gemstone's colour.[27] Other methods that were recorded 2000 years ago in the book Natural History written by Pliny the Elder include oiling and dyeing/staining.
Heat can either improve or spoil gemstone color or clarity. The heating process has been well known to gem miners and cutters for centuries, and in many stone types heating is a common practice. Most citrine is made by heating amethyst, and partial heating with a strong gradient results in "ametrine" – a stone partly amethyst and partly citrine. Aquamarine is often heated to remove yellow tones, or to change green colors into the more desirable blue, or enhance its existing blue color to a deeper blue.[28]
Nearly all tanzanite is heated at low temperatures to remove brown undertones and give a more desirable blue / purple color.[29] A considerable portion of all sapphire and ruby is treated with a variety of heat treatments to improve both color and clarity.
When jewelry containing diamonds is heated for repairs, the diamond should be protected with boric acid; otherwise, the diamond, which is pure carbon, could be burned on the surface or even burned completely up. When jewelry containing sapphires or rubies is heated, those stones should not be coated with boric acid (which can etch the surface) or any other substance. They do not have to be protected from burning, like a diamond (although the stones do need to be protected from heat stress fracture by immersing the part of the jewelry with stones in the water when metal parts are heated).
The irradiation process is widely practiced in jewelry industry[30] and enabled the creation of gemstone colors that do not exist or are extremely rare in nature.[31] However, particularly when done in a nuclear reactor, the processes can make gemstones radioactive. Health risks related to the residual radioactivity of the treated gemstones have led to government regulations in many countries.[31][32]
Virtually all blue topaz, both the lighter and the darker blue shades such as "London" blue, has been irradiated to change the color from white to blue. Most green quartz (Oro Verde) are also irradiated to achieve the yellow-green color. Diamonds are mainly irradiated to become blue-green or green, although other colors are possible. When light-to-medium-yellow diamonds are treated with gamma rays they may become green; with a high-energy electron beam, blue.[33]
Emeralds containing natural fissures are sometimes filled with wax or oil to disguise them. This wax or oil is also colored to make the emerald appear of better color as well as clarity. Turquoise is also commonly treated in a similar manner.
Fracture filling has been in use with different gemstones such as diamonds, emeralds, and sapphires. In 2006 "glass-filled rubies" received publicity. Rubies over 10 carats (2 g) with large fractures were filled with lead glass, thus dramatically improving the appearance (of larger rubies in particular). Such treatments are fairly easy to detect.
Another treatment method that is commonly used to treat gemstones is bleaching. This method uses a chemical in order to reduce the colour of the gem. After bleaching, a combination treatment can be done by dying the gemstone once the unwanted colours are removed. Hydrogen peroxide is the most commonly used product used to alter gemstones and have notably been used to treat jade and pearls. The treatment of bleaching can also be followed by impregnation, which allows the gemstone's durability to be increased.[25]
Synthetic gemstones are distinct from imitation or simulated gems.
Synthetic gems are physically, optically, and chemically identical to the natural stone, but are created in a laboratory.[34] Imitation or simulated stones are chemically different from the natural stone, but may appear quite similar to it; they can be more easily manufactured synthetic gemstones of a different mineral (spinel), glass, plastic, resins, or other compounds.
Examples of simulated or imitation stones include cubic zirconia, composed of zirconium oxide, synthetic moissanite, and un-colored, synthetic corundum or spinels; all of which are diamond simulants. The simulants imitate the look and color of the real stone but possess neither their chemical nor physical characteristics. In general, all are less hard than diamond. Moissanite actually has a higher refractive index than diamond, and when presented beside an equivalently sized and cut diamond will show more "fire".
Cultured, synthetic, or "lab-created" gemstones are not imitations: The bulk mineral and trace coloring elements are the same in both. For example, diamonds, rubies, sapphires, and emeralds have been manufactured in labs that possess chemical and physical characteristics identical to the naturally occurring variety. Synthetic (lab created) corundum, including ruby and sapphire, is very common and costs much less than the natural stones. Small synthetic diamonds have been manufactured in large quantities as industrial abrasives, although larger gem-quality synthetic diamonds are becoming available in multiple carats.[35]
Whether a gemstone is a natural stone or synthetic, the chemical, physical, and optical characteristics are the same: They are composed of the same mineral and are colored by the same trace materials, have the same hardness and density and strength, and show the same color spectrum, refractive index, and birefringence (if any). Lab-created stones tend to have a more vivid color since impurities common in natural stones are not present in the synthetic stone. Synthetics are made free of common naturally occurring impurities that reduce gem clarity or color unless intentionally added in order to provide a more drab, natural appearance, or to deceive an assayer.[citation needed] On the other hand, synthetics often show flaws not seen in natural stones, such as minute particles of corroded metal from lab trays used during synthesis.
Some gemstones are more difficult to synthesize than others and not all stones are commercially viable to attempt to synthesize. These are the most common on the market currently.[36]
Includes ruby (red variation) and sapphire (other color variations) both of which are considered highly desired and valued.[36] Ruby was the first gemstone to be synthesized by Auguste Verneuil with his development of the flame-fusion process in 1902.[37] Synthetic corundum continues to be made typically by flame-fusion as it is most cost-effective, but can also be produced through flux growth and hydrothermal growth.[38]
The most common synthesized beryl is emerald (green). Yellow, red and blue beryls are possible but much more rare. Synthetic emerald became possible with the development of the flux growth process and is produced in this way and well as hydrothermal growth.[39]
Types of synthetic quartz include citrine, rose quartz, and amethyst. Natural occurring quartz is not rare is synthetically produced as it has practical application outside of aesthetic purposes. Quartz generates an electrical current when under pressure and is used in watches, clocks, and oscillators.[40]
Synthetic spinel was first produced by accident when can be created in any color making it popular to simulate various natural gemstones. It is created through flux growth and hydrothermal growth.[36]
There are mainly two categories for creation of these minerals, melt or solution processes.[36]
Flame fusion process was the first process used which successfully created large quantities of synthetic gemstones to be sold on the market.[41] This remains the most cost effective and common method of creating corundums today.
The flame fusion process is completed in a Verneuil furnace. The furnace consists of an inverted blowpipe burner which produces an extremely hot oxyhydrogen flame, a powder dispenser, and a ceramic pedestal.[42] A chemical powder which corresponds to the desired gemstone is passed through this flames. This melts the ingredients which drop on to a plate and solidify into a crystal called a Boule.[42] For corundum the flame must be 2000 °C. This process takes hours and yields a crystal with the same properties as its natural counterpart.
To produce corundum, a pure aluminium powder is used with different additives to achieve different colors.[42]
In 1918 this process was developed by J. Czocharalski[42] and is also referred to as the "crystal pulling" method. In this process, the required gemstone materials are added to a crucible. A seed stone is placed into the melt in the crucible. As the gem begins to crystallize on the seed, the seed is pulled away and the gem continues to grow.[36] This is used for corundum but is currently the least popular method.[41]
Flux growth process was the first process which was able to synthesize emerald.[39] Flux growth begins with a crucible which can withstand high heat; either graphite or platinum which is filled with a molten liquid referred to as flux.[43] The specific gem ingredients are added and dissolved in this fluid and recrystallize to form the desired gemstone.This is a longer process compared to the flame fusion process and can take two months up to a year depending on the desired final size.[44]
Hydrothermal growth process attempts to imitate the natural growth process of minerals. The required gem materials are sealed in a container of water and placed extreme pressure. The water is heated beyond its boiling point which allows normally insoluble materials to dissolve. As more material cannot be added once the container is sealed, in order to create a larger gem the process would begin with a "seed" stone from a previous batch which the new material will crystallize on. This process takes a few weeks to complete.
Synthetic gemstones share chemical and physical properties with natural gemstones but there are some slight differences that can be used to discern synthetic from real.[45] These differences are slight and often require microscopy as a tool to distinguish differences. Undetectable synthetics pose a threat to the market if they are able to be sold as real rare gemstones. Because of this there are certain characteristic gemologists look for. Each crystal is characteristic to the environment and growth process under which it was created.
Gemstones created from the flame-fusion process may have
Gemstones created from flux melt process may have
Gemstones created from hydrothermal growth may have
Prior to development of synthesising processes the alternatives on the market to natural gemstones were imitations or fake. It was in 1837 that the first successful synthesis of ruby occurred.[41] French chemist Marc Gaudin managed to produce small crystals of ruby from melting together potassium aluminium sulphate and potassium chromate through what would later be know as the flux melt process.[42] Following this, another French chemist Fremy was able to grow large quantities of small ruby crystals using a lead flux.[43]
A few years later an alternative to flux melt was developed which led to the introduction of what was labeled "reconstructed ruby" to the market. Reconstructed ruby was sold as a process which produced larger rubies from melting together bits of natural ruby.[44] In later attempts to recreate this process it was found to not be possible and is believed reconstructed rubies were most likely created using a multi-step method of melting of ruby powder.[42]
Auguste Verneuil a student of Fremy went on to develop flame-fusion as an alternative to the flux-melt method. He developed large furnaces which were able to produce large quantities of corundums more efficiently and shifted the gemstone market dramatically.[47] This process is still used today and the furnaces have not changed much from the original design.[48] World production of corundum using this method reaches 1000 million carats a year.
-
Which universities accept ged in canada?
Admission requirements are requirements or qualifications that students must meet in order for them to demonstrate the potential to successfully complete a program at C.C.E.C. (e.g., high school diploma, proficiency in English). Each C.C.E.C. program/course is different and has its own subjective criteria based on the nature of the course. Students are encouraged to carefully read course admission criteria-related details before applying. The applicant is advised to carefully read the following details.In general at C.C.E.C.: Students enrolled in a C.C.E.C. program are required to meet or exceed the admission requirements set out as per below before they begin a program.
For Canada & US-based education applicants:A secondary school diploma or equivalent is required, or in some cases, a high school diploma with five Grade 12 academic subjects is required. If applicable, the applicant must also meet program-specific requirements, since some programs have supplementary procedures for admission.
A student does not require an assessment for a Canadian or US degree, diploma, or certificate.
For Outside of Canada (international) based education applicants:
Students with no educational experience/degree from Canada or the United States would be required to have met one of the following requirements on or before the start date of the program of which they are offered admission:
Educational Credential Assessment (ECA)You don’t need an assessment for a Canadian degree, diploma, or certificate.An educational credential assessment (ECA) is used to verify that your foreign degree, diploma, or certificate (or other proof of your credential) is valid and equal to a Canadian one. There are different types of ECAs. For the college's admission purpose, if one of your primary educational credentials is from an institution outside Canada or the USA, you will need to get an ECA from a Canadian Government-Approved Assessment Agency. The purpose will be the assessment for college admission. If you have already received an assessment report for any other purpose, we may consider that as well. You must attach it with your admission application. If you had not submitted a report previously, you may send a copy via email before the start date of the program.Your ECA report may help when you’re looking for a job after graduation.
Mature Student Status or Mature Student Assessment (MSS/MSA)
Mature StudentsIf you are 18 years of age or older before the beginning of classes and you do not have an Ontario Secondary School Diploma (OSSD) or its equivalent, you may apply as a mature student. Students who do not meet the admission requirements from their academic transcripts/degrees ECA assessment, or cannot arrange ECA may also complete a mature student assessment to determine their readiness for college studies.It’s Never Too Late to Start Your Education. All mature student applications are considered individually and an assessment to determine readiness for college studies may be required.
Mature student status may be granted to applicants who are over 18 years old and do not have a high school diploma or GED. It is intended to allow applicants who have not completed high school the opportunity to be considered for admission, based on the skills and experience they have acquired since leaving school.If a prospective student does not have a 12-grade education certificate which is equivalent to a Canadian Secondary School Certificate due to any reason, the college will still consider the admission in its programs if the student passes a qualifying test that has been approved by the Superintendent (The Ministry of Training, Colleges, and Universities Ontario).
Q-Can you go to college/university without any qualifications?Yes, having a report as a Mature Student Status is one of the ways.
Q- When to get an ECA or Mature Student Status assessment?The college requires one of the above reports on or before the start date of your program. It is recommended to arrange these after your admission has been accepted or offered or as soon as you can.
Q-Do I need to have both requirements met before applying for a student visa?No, these are admission-related requirements and are governed under a provincial regulation* related to education, as mentioned below. The immigration ECA has a different purpose and criteria.The student visa process is governed under a Federal Statute/Legislation “Immigration Refugee Protection Act” and has a different type of ECA required for Immigration purposes.
*Legislative Reference.“Students enrolled in an approved vocational program at a PCC are required to meet or exceed the admission requirements set out in s. 19 of Regulation 415/06, as well as any other admission requirements identified by the PCC.Students have an Ontario Secondary School Diploma (OSSD) or equivalent, orStudents are 18 years of age or older and pass a qualifying test that has been approved by the Superintendent.”
Note: Meeting the minimum admission requirements and deadline dates is not a guarantee of admission in some courses. Only the most qualified candidates will be considered.
For any further questions on admission requirements please email or call 905-499-3631- EXT 102
2 More Answer(s) available -
who escaped prison the most?
- Apr 19, 2023, 11:20 PM IST. 7 Hardest Prisons to Break in the World.
- ADX Florence, US. Colorado's penitentiary, ADX Florence, is perhaps the most secure prison the world has ever seen.
- Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary, US.
- La Santé Prison, France.
- Arthur Road Jail, India.
- Fuchu Prison, Japan.
- Camp Delta, Us.
- HMP Belmarsh, UK.
3 More Answer(s) available -
What is fcna in aiims?
FCNA means Filled Choice Not Available at that rank. Well, let me explain you in detail about the whole process of getting an admission at AIIMS after your exam.
-
What is closure of trading window?
Trading window closure is a mechanism to prevent insider trading. Hence, while pledging of shares when in possession of UPSI is prohibited, for a bona fide transaction such as raising of funds through pledging of shares, trading window restrictions may be relaxed subject to appropriate monitoring and disclosure.
6 More Answer(s) available -
How to view tiger in 3d?
Here in this post, I’ll teach you how to enable AR and see 3D animals (3D Tiger) in your phone and What are the list of Animals you can see.
Google uses your Mobile phones camera to use the Augmented reality program to bring the life-sized animals nearly real. Just like using a Google Lens to scan an object, here you just have to find a flat surface to bring out the 3D animals. In this post we will see list of Google 3D animals one by one.
Download and Install Google Play Services for AR. ARcore App helps in opening the AR applications in your Android mobile If you already have the app update it to the latest version. If you can’t install, sorry you need the latest Android device. If your phone doesn’t support this app, please try these AR Apps.
Top VR and AR Posts1. Best Virtual Reality Apps For Android2. Google Easter Eggs3. Top VR – virtual reality games
Go to google.com and search animals like Tiger, Dog, Cat or please see below to check the list of Animals you can see them in 3D, I’m searching “Tiger” here.
Now scroll down in the Google search page and click the “View in 3D” button, If you are not seeing this button, then you don’t have ARcore, try to install and check, and this also won’t work in incognito mode.
wait for some time to load and you’ll get your Tiger, you can move, turn and resize the animal, to keep the Tiger in your Table or somewhere click “View in Your Space”.
If this didn’t work – Try how to Fix Google 3D AR View in Your Space not Working or follow the steps below.
Now your camera will open and you’d have got the mobile symbol in motion, Just show your phone down in a flat surface and rotate. Tada! your Tiger is here.
Now you can see your Animal in front of you in the real size, pinch it to resize, you can move and play with that. And the sound is also realistic. You can click the bottom circle to take a photo with the Animal, and unfortunately, Video is not possible right now.
Now 3D AR Dinosaur is live on Google Search
Just like, Google Tiger, Lion and, Human Body, Google just unveiled life-size Dinosaurs on Google Search, you can see Tyrannosaurus Rex, Velociraptor, Triceratops, Spinosaurus, Stegosaurus, Brachiosaurus, Ankylosaurus, Dilophosaurus, Pteranodon, and Parasaurolophus.
Just follow above steps on Google replacing Tiger with Dinosaur.
Many commented in the 3D Tiger YouTube video saying “View in Your Space” is not working. I’m giving you some solutions below-
Currently, you can take photos with your 3D AR Animal and no video recording option was given. We have an alternative solution for that. Record your screen using a screen recorder. Android and iPhones have built-in screen recorder these days, turn that ON and started playing with your 3D Tiger and other animals and yes, you got a video with them.
Below are the 20 different animals you can view them in your space using your phone. Install Play services for AR and try these animals, again You can’t see the animals without installing the app.
New Arrival: 3D Butterfly
1. Dog view in 3D Google
This is a 3D Dog, you can get this just by searching Dog in Google search, This Dog can bark, sit down, scrath face and more.
2. 3D Neil Armstrong
You can go to Google Search on your mobile and search for Neil Armstrong to see “See the Neil Armstrong spacesuit up close” now click on view in 3d. When you click on view in your space, you can see Neil Armstrong suit in your space.
3. Chauvet Cave
Chauvet Cave is in France, when you search for it on Google search mobile, you can see “See the Chauvet cave frescoes up close”, click on view in 3D and Click on view in your space to bring the whole cave to your space and take photos in front of the AR cave.
4. Human Body
Now you can see Human body parts in 3D AR just by searching them in Google, the below image shows the Human Digestive system in 3D. This will help the students learn about Human body easy and quick.
5. Cat view in 3D Google
Search for Cat in google to get a Live Cat in 3D which will say Meow and do live cat actions.
6. 3D Raccoon
Now, you can see a Raccoon in 3D too, this might be a little creepy but a good one to try and have the fun.
7. 3D Shark
3D shark in Google search is one of the most searched Google 3D animals, you can get this just by searching Shark in Google and move to view in space to see a life-size shark swimming in your own place. If you have a swimming pool, you can show this 3D shark on top of the pool to make it look real.
8. 3D Octopus
9. 3D Wolf
10. 3D Horse
11. 3D Turtle
12. 3D Giant Panda
13. Tiger view in 3D Google
14. 3D Bear
15. 3D Cheetah
16. 3D Crocodile
17. 3D Snake
18. 3D Eagle
19. 3D lions
20. 3D alpine goat
21. 3D Hedgehog
22. 3D Angler fish
23. 3D Penguins
5 More Answer(s) available -
Can we give glucose drip to diabetic patient?
Dextrose should be carefully given to people who have diabetes, because they might not be able to process dextrose as quickly as would someone without the condition. Dextrose can increase blood sugar too much, causing what's known as hyperglycemia.
-
When are mangos in season?
Just kidding, inflation is way too high right now. But read on anyway and I’ll show you the best way to buy, cut, and how to store mango.
Peak season runs from May through September, though you can find mangos at your market all-year round. In the U.S., mangos are grown in both Florida and California. The most common varieties you'll find at a supermarket are Timmy Atkins, Haden, Keitt and Kent mangos.
If you want to cut a mango into perfect chunks without hacking away at a hard, unripe mango and ending up with an inedible, stringy mess - you'll need to pick the right one.
Focus on feel, not color. Mango varieties come in all different colors, shapes, and sizes so the color is not the best indicator of ripeness. All you have to do is give it a gentle squeeze.
A ripe mango will give slightly, while an unripe mango will be firm to the touch - similar to a peach or avocado. If you like more of a sour-tart flavor, look for a firm mango and use within 1-2 days since they get softer and sweeter as they ripen.
You may also notice a fruity aroma from the stem if it's ripe. So go-ahead, give it a sniff and make direct eye contact with anyone judging you, they clearly don't know how to pick a mango.
Mangos can be one of the more challenging fruits to properly cut. But fear not, follow these simple steps and you’ll have perfect mango chunks in seconds.
Step 1: Position mango with the stem side down on a cutting board.
Step 2: Using a pairing knife, cut alongside the wide part of the pit as close to it as possible. Cut from the top of the mango down one side of the pit. Repeat the same thing on the other side of the mango.
Step 3: Cut the two small sides of the middle section of the mango from the top down the side towards the stem.
Step 4: Score the mango flesh by making lengthwise and crosswise cuts. Be careful not to cut through the peel. Pop open the mango by pushing the skin side down towards your thumb.
Use your paring knife to cut along the peel of the mango and carefully remove the pieces from the peel.
An alternative method is to use a spoon to scoop the flesh. This is ideal if you don’t feel comfortable using a knife or want to get a little more mango out of the skin.
Take a small glass cup with a thin rim to scoop out the mango pieces from the peel in one motion from top to bottom. While this method removes the most mango from the peel, it can make the mango chunks mushy.
A soft, ripe mango can be refrigerated for up to 5 days. Keep unripe mangos at room temperature. They shouldn’t be refrigerated before they are ripe.
If you want to speed up the ripening process, place unripe mangos in a brown bag and leave on the counter for 2 days.
In the fridge
Cut mango can be refrigerated in an airtight container for up to 5 days.
In the freezer
You can freeze mango chunks in a freezer-bag for up to six months.
If you haven’t tried mango salsa, you’re missing out. It pairs perfectly with avocados and makes for a juicy, sweet taco topping.
You can also use mango to marinate fish, pork or chicken. Toss fresh mangos in a green or fruit salad, use frozen chunks in a smoothie or add dried mango to trail mix.
4 More Answer(s) available -
What executive order is the vaccine mandate?
Executive Order Mandating Vaccination of Federal Employees
The first Executive Order, Executive Order on Requiring Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination for Federal Employees (the “Federal Employee Order”), requires federal employees to be vaccinated against the novel coronavirus and mandates that all federal agencies implement a COVID-19 vaccination requirement program. The Safer Federal Workforce Task Force (“Task Force”), which was established by Executive Order 13991, will issue guidance regarding the vaccination mandate by September 16, 2021. Thus far, the only available information regarding exceptions to the Federal Employee Order is that the mandate is subject to “any exception that is required by law.”
Executive Order Mandating Vaccination of Federal Contractors and Subcontractors
President Biden also issued a second Executive Order, Executive Order on Ensuring Adequate Covid Safety Protocols for Federal Contractors (“Contractor Order”), which likely will require vaccinations for federal contractors and subcontractors. The Contractor Order expressly directs that a new “contract clause”, to be created by the Federal Acquisition Regulatory Council, will be inserted into federal contracts requiring contractors and subcontractors, for the duration of the contract, to comply with all guidance for contractor or subcontractor workplace locations published by the Safer Federal Workforce Task Force (“Task Force”). Hence, it will be by contract – and not by direct regulation – that federal contractors and their subcontractors of all tiers will be responsible for complying with new COVID-19 protocols to be developed by the Task Force no later than September 24, 2021.
The coverage and scope of the new “contract clause” will be similar to that called for in the Biden Administration’s April 27, 2021 Executive Order on Increasing the Minimum Wage for Federal Contractors. Specifically, the “contract clause” shall apply, starting October 15, 2021 to:
(1) all new contracts or contract-like instruments (with those terms being defined in the Department of Labor’s implementing proposed regulations on “Increasing the Minimum Wage for Federal Contractors” (86 Fed. Reg. 38816, 38887 (July 22, 2021)) or any resultant final rule),
(2) new solicitation for contracts,
(3) new extensions or renewals of contracts, and
(4) the exercise of options for existing contracts.
While the “contract clause” requirements begin October 15, 2021, the Contractor Order makes clear that “agencies are strongly encouraged, to the extent permitted by law” to include the “contract clause” or otherwise contractually require contractor compliance with COVID-19 protocols prior to the October 15th date.
The kinds of contracts included within the scope of the Contractor Order are:
(a) procurement contracts for services, construction, or leasehold interests in real property;
(b) contracts for services covered by Service Contract Act;
(c) contracts for concessions (including concessions contracts otherwise excluded by Department of Labor regulations); or
(d) contracts entered into with the federal government in connection with federal property or lands and related to offering services for federal employees, dependents, or the general public.
Like the recently promulgated Minimum Wage Executive Order, the Contractor Order will not apply to:
(1) grants,
(2) contracts or agreements under the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act,
(3) contracts for less than the “simplified acquisition threshold” as defined in Federal Acquisition Regulation 2.101 (generally defined as contracts for less than $250,000, with some exceptions),
(4) employees performing work outside of the United States, or
(5) subcontracts solely to provide products.
Given the overall tenor of the Contractor Order, it is likely that any mandatory FAR clause will include flowdown provisions. So, prime contractors and subcontractors of all tiers should expect to amend their subcontracts to flow down the new FAR clauses (and, by implication, all of the resultant Task Force guidance) to all tiers of subcontractors, consistent with the scope and coverage provisions above. Again, given the nature of the Contractor Order, it is also reasonable to assume that contractor or subcontractor failure to comply with the new FAR clause could result in typical penalties seen in other Executive Orders regulating contractor employee minimum wages and Paid Sick Leave, including contract termination and/or debarment. Contractors and subcontractors are advised to pay close attention to the new FAR clauses and related Task Force guidance when they are issued, as well as subsequent updates from Husch Blackwell LLP on their effect and scope.
OSHA to Develop New Emergency Temporary Standard Requiring Vaccinations or Testing for Large Employers
The third and likely most expansive measure facing employers comes in the form of an explicit instruction to the Department of Labor/OSHA. President Biden directed OSHA to develop an ETS mandating all employers with 100 or more employees to require employees to either become vaccinated or to provide a weekly negative test result prior to entering the workplace. This requirement is estimated to impact over 80 million workers.
The ETS also will contain a provision requiring employers with 100 or more employees to provide paid time off for workers to (1) receive the vaccination, or (2) recover from any side effects experienced after being vaccinated.
Standard of Issuance of an ETS
The Occupational Safety and Health Act authorizes OSHA to issue an ETS if there is substantial evidence that: (1) “employees are exposed to grave danger from exposure to substances or agents determined to be toxic or physically harmful or from new hazards;” and (2) an ETS is “necessary” to protect employees from that hazard. While the bar OSHA must clear here is not particularly high, it is real. In addition, OSHA’s track record in ETS rulemaking challenges is mixed. Given the nature of this hazard, OSHA’s recent decision not to issue an ETS that’s applicable to all employees and the fact that a significant percentage of the nation’s workforce will not be covered by the ETS, may present obstacles to issuance and enforcement.
When Will the ETS Take Effect?
There is immense uncertainty regarding when the ETS could be issued and take effect. We know the prior COVID-19 related ETS spent six months in development prior to issuance on June 21, 2021. However, OSHA indicated yesterday that this ETS would be issued in the coming weeks.
We will be monitoring publications from the Task Force, Director, and OSHA, and will provide continued updates regarding the status of the Executive Orders and the temporary rule.
Contact Us
If you have questions about this update and how it impacts your organization, contact Erik Eisenmann, Brian Hendrix, Michael Schrier or your Husch Blackwell attorney.
Your Comprehensive COVID-19 Legal Resource
4 More Answer(s) available -
How to delete lpu account?
It is possible for us to delete accounts, but it's always been our policy to not do it. Just change your password to random characters and don't write it down if you never want to be able to login again.
-
What is zenquell?
At one point the medicine she needed was referred to as zenquil, which is for Dissociative Identity Disorder, originally Multiple Personality Disorder. Dissociative identity disorder (DID), formerly called multiple personality disorder, is a condition that is characterized by the presence of at least two clear. She says she was looking for the pharmacy for Zenquell, a prescription drug. Dissociative identity disorder is a complex psychological condition that produces a lack of connection in a person's thoughts, memories, feelings, actions,. Dissociative disorders involve problems with memory, identity, emotion, perception, behavior and sense of self.
1 More Answer(s) available -
Vaporizer when to use?
Humidifiers and vaporizers are a useful home remedy for many conditions that can cause a dry nose, skin dryness, or congestion. People use humidifiers and vaporizers for conditions such as colds, bronchitis and allergies, and to use in baby nurseries.
1 More Answer(s) available -
Amazon elasticache faq?
Q: What is Amazon ElastiCache? Amazon ElastiCache is a web service that makes it easy to deploy and run Memcached or Redis protocol-compliant server nodes.
-
What is icpo document?
Irrevocable Corporate Purchase Order (ICPO) is a document drawn up by commercial buyers. It contains: the quantities of products required. the type of products required. other conditions that the buyer wants the sale to proceed under.
-
Is diabetes transmitted disease?
Some people who don't know much about type 1 or type 2 diabetes might question whether it's transferrable from person-to-person through sexual contact, saliva, or blood. Science has confirmed that diabetes is a non-communicable disease, so it's not contagious — nor is a diagnosis your fault.
-
What does emz stand for in brawl stars?
- 52 - Barley (robot)
- 65+ - Belle.
- 75 - Gale.
- 77 - Dynamike.
- 1 to 100+ - Spike (Mammillaria cactus)
- 300+ - Mortis (28-30 human age)
- 1000+ - Frank.
- 9999+ - Gene.
2 More Answer(s) available -
How to improve typing speed to 100 wpm?
Learning how to type faster offers substantial benefits, from saving time and boosting productivity to improving focus and unlocking career opportunities. The better you understand how different factors influence typing speed, the easier it is to improve your WPM (words per minute) speed. This guide offers tips on how to type faster and increase your WPM.
Typing speed is dictated by a combination of technique, muscle memory, and equipment. Use these quick tips to improve your words per minute now, or scroll down for more detailed recommendations and resources.
Faster typing speeds offer considerable advantages for professionals and casual keyboarders alike. Here are five benefits of learning how to type faster.
Increasing typing speed from 40 wpm to 80 wpm cuts work time in half. A 40-wpm typist takes around 25 minutes to type ten 100-word emails. An 80-wpm typist spends only 12.5 minutes on the same task. Saving just 12.5 minutes per day equates to more than 54 hours over a 260-day work year.
For someone who types 2,500 words per day, the annual time savings increases to 135 hours, or nearly 3.5 weeks. In other words, learning how to type faster can shave almost a month out of your work year (or produce a month’s worth of extra work over that span).
Many jobs require fast typing speeds, so candidates who can type fast are more attractive to employers in those sectors. Secretaries, transcriptionists, programmers, data entry specialists, journalists, writers, and legal assistants can access more career opportunities by learning how to type faster.
Faster typists can learn new aptitudes quicker because they’re able to focus on their studies without the distraction of hunting and pecking keys. For example, it’s easier for coders to learn a new programming language when they’re adept at navigating the keyboard. These benefits aren’t limited to learning career skills: gamers can master new games faster when they can type quickly.
Slow typing is disruptive, forcing typists to abandon their train of thought in favor of finding the next key. Improved keyboarding speed allows users to focus on their ideas, not what to type next. Fast typists are fluid; muscle memory takes over and words flow from their fingertips as easily as they roll off the tongue. When fast typing becomes second nature, users can focus on composing the perfect letter or fragging enemies into the shadow realm.
Faster typing reduces fatigue and injury risk in two ways. First, speed typing requires using proper form to lessen the strain on the fingers, hands, wrist joints, muscles, and tendons. Second, fast typists spend less time typing, so they don’t get tired, and they decrease the risk of developing overuse injuries such as carpal tunnel syndrome.
The average typing speed is 40 wpm. Anything over 60 wpm is considered a good typing speed, though some professions demand 100 wpm or more. Members of the competitive typing community can eclipse 200 wpm, and Ultimate Typing Champion Anthony “Chark” Ermolin has recorded speeds up to 233 wpm.
That said, a “good” typing speed is relative. If you currently type 25 words per minute, 40 words per minute represents a significant improvement. If you already type 80 words per minute, then 100 wpm might be a logical next step.
Learn how to type faster and increase your WPM with these proven tips.
The first step toward improving typing speed is establishing how fast you currently type. There are many free typing speed tests online, but they don’t all work the same way. Some tests force you to correct mistakes before advancing; others simply count them against your WPM.
In addition, some tests use logical sentences (“the quick brown fox jumped over the lazy fox”), some use random words (“valley, coffee, mask, stenography”), and others use nonsensical character strings (“les, est, ense, tes”). The style of the test can affect your words per minute. Find a list of typing speed tests in the Resources section below.
Once you’ve established your current typing speed or baseline, set goals for improvement. It’s good to focus on incremental goals versus a final goal. For example, if you currently type 40 words per minute and set a goal of 100 wpm, start by working toward 50 wpm. Many find motivation in planning small rewards for reaching incremental milestones.
Proper hand placement increases typing speed by minimizing the distance fingers must travel with each keypress. Position fingers on the home row of a traditional QWERTY keyboard, as such:
Move fingers up and down from the home row to access other keys, use pinky fingers for the shift keys and thumbs for the spacebar. This hand position might seem foreign to those accustomed to two-finger pecking, but it enables significantly faster typing once mastered.
Note that some typists prefer alternative keyboard layouts such as Colemak and Dvorak, which are optimized for speed. However, these layouts might not be practical for those who are already used to QWERTY. Learn more about the differences between QWERTY, Dvorak, and Colemak keyboard layouts.
Proper desk ergonomics can enhance typing speed by increasing accuracy, emphasizing the use of the strongest muscles, and reducing fatigue. Ergonomics also decreases the risk of carpal tunnel syndrome and other repetitive use injuries.
Tips for good desk ergonomics include:
Learn more about desk ergonomics for improved posture and typing speed.
Keyboard familiarity is critical to fast typing, so learn where each key resides in relation to the home row and proper finger placement. Some people find it helpful to enable the on-screen keyboard so they can learn key positions without looking down at their keyboard.
How to enable the on-screen keyboard:
Windows PC
Mac Computer
Touch typing is the practice of knowing how to type without seeing the keyboard, and it’s one of the most effective ways to type faster. Touch typists can let their thoughts flow, unconstrained by the need to pause and hunt for the next key. Learning to touch type can increase your typing speed by as much as 300%.
Keyboard familiarity is the first step to touch typing; then, it comes down to muscle memory gained through repetition. Some people find it helpful to say the characters aloud as they type. Others place a towel over their hands so they can’t see the keyboard, and still, others install blank keycaps that force them to learn to touch type. Either way, it’s best to practice quick, light keystrokes that allow your fingertips to deftly flutter from one key to the next.
Focus on accuracy and speed will follow. Accuracy comes with repetition, which builds the muscle memory required to type at 100+ words per minute. It’s far better to type 50 words per minute with only one or two errors (96 to 98% accuracy) than to type 100 words per minute with 20 errors (80% accuracy).
Words per minute is calculated by subtracting mistakes from the total number of words typed. For example, if you type 80 words but have 10 errors, your WPM is 70. That underscores the need to focus on accuracy first: it’s impossible to significantly increase typing speed without it.
Practice scanning ahead to the next word while typing, a technique employed by the world’s fastest typists. Many can scan several words ahead and rely on muscle memory to type words they’ve already read.
In addition, competitive typists are skilled at rollovers: rapid firing on a sequence of keys in a fraction of a second. Rollovers are ideal for suffixes and other common key combinations, including “ing,” “tion,” “ness,” and “ment.” The technique takes practice but rewards the effort with substantial improvements in typing speed.
Keyboard shortcuts shave precious seconds and increase typing speed. They can also help bolster WPM speeds during typing tests.
For example, many people repeatedly hit the backspace key when they make a mistake during a typing test. However, it’s usually quicker to delete an entire word (CTRL + Backspace) instead of identifying where the error occurred and backspacing letter by letter.
Keyboard shortcuts that improve typing speed include:
Competitive typists rely on mechanical keyboards to achieve astonishing speeds of over 200 words per minute. That’s because mechanical keyboards are designed for performance, accuracy, and speed. They feature mechanical switches that require less pressure to engage, and they activate keys before bottoming out, allowing them to return quicker for rapid-fire typing.
Many mechanical keyboard switches offer a tactile bump or an audible click, feedback that lets typists know when keystrokes have registered so they can type with confidence. For example, the world-renowned line of Cherry MX switches includes Cherry MX Blue (a clicky switch), Cherry MX Brown (a tactile switch), and Cherry MX Red (a smooth, linear switch). The Cherry MX Speed Silver switch is designed with minimal travel distance for even greater responsiveness and speed.
In addition, most mechanical keyboards feature n-key rollover (NKRO), allowing typists to register multiple keystrokes in a fraction of a second without wasting time or energy. Mechanical keyboards also enable typists to choose their preferred keycap profiles, enhancing typing speed and accuracy.
Mechanical keyboards increase typing speed by:
Learn more about mechanical keyboards and how they work.
Practice makes perfect, so schedule daily sessions to work on becoming a faster typist. Many websites offer free typing exercises and fun typing games (see Resources below). If typing documents seems boring, consider typing along with a podcast, audible ebook, or YouTube video. Or, make it interesting by typing the next great American novel or your manifesto.
Consistency is critical, but it’s also vital to avoid burnout. Practicing for 20 minutes once or twice per day is better than practicing for two hours once a week. Commit to a regular schedule and retake your preferred typing speed test weekly to measure progress. If you’re not progressing as quickly as you’d like, consider taking an online typing course.
Take advantage of the following resources to improve typing speed.
2 More Answer(s) available -
How to beat allstate drivewise?
Enroll your policy in Drivewise through the app, through your account on Allstatecom or by calling your insurance agent Step three: Drive at least 50 trips during the six-month performance period Your phone must have at least 25% battery power in order for the app to track your driving
-
will orv get an anime?
Omniscient Reader's Viewpoint (also called Omniscient Reader and often abbreviated to ORV) is an apocalyptic fantasy fiction webnovel, written by a Korean author duo writing under the pen name Sing Shong. It was originally written in Korean, and has been translated to English by Webnovel translators RainbowTurtle and A_Passing_Wanderer.
A novel called Three Ways to Survive in a Ruined World (written by the anonymous author tls123) has been written and published over the course of a decade, and Kim Dokja is the sole reader who has followed it to its ending. When the real world is plunged into the premise of Ways of Survival, Kim Dokja's unique knowledge of the novel becomes vital to his survival. Kim Dokja allies with Yoo Joonghyuk, the protagonist of Ways of Survival, in order to change the novel's original plot and more quickly approach the end of the story. As Kim Dokja and his party members progress through the scenarios, they face increasingly difficult threats and life-or-death challenges, struggling to stay alive and work together as they aim to destroy the
that demands their suffering. Omniscient Reader's Viewpoint was originally published as a webnovel. The novel is divided into 5 volumes, each containing a number of episodes, along with a 5-part epilogue. Each episode is further divided into around 4–8 chapters.
The novel was exceedingly popular in the Korean webnovel reader community, having exceeded 26 million views on Munpia by September 2019.[1]
In January 2021, an ebook and physical book release were both announced.[2] The first eight ebook volumes were released in March 2021 on Munpia and later Naver. Four more were released in September 2021.
Sing Shong have confirmed that they revised some parts of the novel for the ebook, but those changes will not be reflected in the contents of the original webnovel.[3]
In September 2019, it was announced that Munpia had signed a film production contract with Realize Pictures. Omniscient Reader's Viewpoint is to be converted into five feature films; the release dates are yet to be announced.[1]
-
What are ceo jobs?
- Expert understanding of corporate finance and business management.
- Strong knowledge of financial, technical, and economic concepts.
- Proven success as a senior executive managing departmental teams.
- Familiarity with regional regulatory compliance.
- Excellent communication skills.
2 More Answer(s) available -
What a beauty in hindi?
BEAUTY का अर्थ : n.(संज्ञा) ब्यूटी ‣ सुन्दरता .() ‣ सुन्दरता ‣ सौंदर्य ‣ मनोहरता ‣ लावण्य
3 More Answer(s) available -
How to install web server in amazon linux?
Launch an EC2 instance · Sign in to the AWS Management Console and open the Amazon EC2 console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/ec2/. · Make sure you have not.
-
Is 180 bad for a diabetic?
What is high blood sugar? In general, a blood sugar reading of more than 180 mg/dL or any reading above your target range is too high. A blood sugar reading of 300 mg/dL or more can be dangerous. If you have 2 readings in a row of 300 or more, call your doctor.
-
How to increase aws ec2 instance memory?
13-Sept-2021 — My system requires more CPU or memory than is available on my current Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instance.
-
How to use la roche posay hydrating cleanser?
Beyond simply removing dirt, cleansing plays an important role in balancing and strengthening the skin, and enhancing absorption of skincare ingredients. For sensitive skin in particular – skin prone to redness, tightness and discomfort – choosing the right cleanser is crucial. And soothing, minimalist formulas are key. Whether your sensitive skin tends towards dry, normal or combination, learning how to correctly cleanse is the all-important first step towards a calm and comfortable complexion. So, let’s get started.
Sensitive skin has an impaired barrier function, making it more susceptible to irritation from pollutants and allergens. The right cleanser will gently remove these impurities, while avoiding harsh, moisture-stripping ingredients. Not all sensitive skin is the same, however, and each type will benefit from a different formulation.
If your sensitive skin is normal to dry, try a gentle cleansing milk. Soap-, fragrance-, and preservative-free, new Toleriane Caring Wash Hydrating Cleanser contains a single, well-tolerated surfactant, Cocobetaine, to effectively remove make-up and impurities without causing dryness or irritation. Meanwhile, four powerful actives are enlisted to soothe, repair and protect the skin. Thermal Spring Water Facial Mist provides antioxidant protection; Panthenol is intensely soothing; Niacinamide targets the causes of itching and strengthens the skin barrier; and Ceramides help preserve skin moisture. How to use: Using a small amount of the cleanser, create a lather with wet hands. Gently massage into the face, avoiding the eye area. Rinse and pat dry, without rubbing, using a soft, clean towel.
For normal to combination skins that enjoy the fresh sensation of a foaming cleanser, without the usual dryness, Toleriane Foaming Gel Cleanser is ideal. With a skin-friendly pH of 5.5, the cleanser is free from soap, fragrance and preservatives, gently removing all traces of make-up, oil build-up, and impurities. Glycerin helps maintain the skin’s moisture balance, leaving the complexion soft, supple and calm. How to use: Create a foam in your hands using warm water. Massage into the face, avoiding the eye area. Rinse well and gently pat dry.
Ultra-sensitive, dry skin needs extra care, and a true minimalist formula to cleanse and remove make-up. Enriched with moisturising glycerin, Toleriane Gentle Cream Dermo-Cleanser contains just eight high-tolerance ingredients. Free from fragrance, tensio-active ingredients and preservatives, it has a soothing rinse-off or rinse-free milk texture that is gentle enough for even the fragile eye area. How to use: Pat on the skin with fingers, massaging gently in a circular motion. Carefully wipe off with a cotton pad, without rubbing. Alternatively, rinse off and follow with your moisturiser.
At La Roche-Posay, we recommend cleansing twice daily, for several reasons. During the day, the skin faces a barrage of aggressors – sun, smoke, pollution – and defence is its main priority. At night, the focus shifts to repair. By removing dirt, excess oil and irritants, as well as potentially pore clogging make-up, cleansing before bed helps accelerate this repair process. Freshly cleansed, the skin is better able to absorb serums and/or moisturiser. For sensitive skin, it is especially important to moisturise at night as greater transepidermal water loss (TEWL) occurs as you sleep, often causing the skin to become irritated and itchy. Morning cleansing is also important to slough away dead skin cells that accumulate as regeneration takes place. Cleansing also removes the oils and bacteria transferred from your pillowcase, and increases the efficacy of your daily skincare products.
1 More Answer(s) available -
What is vbr bitrate?
One of the most common encoding parameters available for live and on-demand streaming is bitrate control, which dictates how the encoder allocates the encoded audio and video data within the file. There are a variety of methods available for controlling bitrate, two of the most common being constant bitrate (CBR) and variable bitrate (VBR). True to their names, CBR refers to encoding a stream at a single set bitrate, whereas VBR refers to encoding or transcoding stream segments at different bitrates according to their complexity. In this article, we’ll take a closer look at both of these methods and when to use them.
Historically, CBR has been the standard for streaming. Most digital broadcast streams are encoded using CBR, because the streams are transmitted through fixed bandwidth connections with a low tolerance for stream variations. Broadcast professionals migrating to streaming production tend to prefer CBR because they’re used to it. Similarly, CBR was strictly adhered to when, during the early years of streaming, producers attempted to deliver video to 28.8kbps modem connections.
The average video download speed in the U.S. today is over 90 Mbps, with 4G and 5G dominating mobile connections. As such, the bandwidth variations caused by VBR typically won’t interrupt last-mile playback. As you’ll read, however, there are still very good reasons to use CBR for live productions.
First, let’s take a closer look at how these technologies work and what distinguishes them.
CBR stands for constant bitrate. If bitrate refers to the amount of data transferred over a set time, then a constant bitrate is a consistent stream of data at a set speed. This makes it highly reliable in that you can choose a set bitrate and know what you’re getting. However, it is not responsive to the size or complexity of the data being transmitted. This less nuanced approach could lead to lower overall quality, depending on your target bitrate and streaming goals.
All of that being said, CBR is the more popular of the two methods given how widely supported it is. In particular, it’s helpful in situations that require real-time encoding, like live streaming. It’s also a better option for multimedia encoding, but we’ll get more into these details later. If you choose to encode at a constant bitrate, the rule of thumb is to choose a higher bitrate to ensure a quality stream. Just know that you may need other steps in your workflow, like the help of a streaming solution, to further adapt your stream to end-user devices.
Pros
Cons
VBR stands for variable bitrate. If CBR refers to a stream with a single static bitrate, then VBR refers to a stream that involves multiple bitrates applied to different segments of a single stream. This works by encoding data segments at different bitrates according to their complexity. Of course, the real answer is a bit more complicated, as there are multiple VBR subtypes that work in slightly different ways.
To understand these differences, you first need to understand single-pass versus multi-pass encoding (sometimes called VBR 1 pass vs. VBR 2 pass when referring exclusively to VBR). Single-pass encoding is exactly as it sounds — the data is encoded on the fly a single time. This is how CBR works for the stream as a whole. VBR can do this as well for various data segments.
Multi-pass encoding is only used by VBR and involves taking an average bitrate from the various encoded data segments and either using that to encode all of the segments or to determine a range for encoding all of the segments. This creates some consistency in how the segments are encoded but with more nuance than straight CBR.
Pros
Cons
Let’s use the Adobe Media Encoder interface to further illustrate the differences between these two encoding methods.
As shown in the below screenshot, CBR assigns a single data rate to the file and encodes in a single pass. As the name suggests, the encoder maintains a constant bitrate over the duration of the file, which doesn’t vary by the complexity or motion in the video.
In contrast, with variable bitrate encoding, the encoder varies the bitrate allocation over the file according to encoding complexity, stealing bits from easy-to-encode scenes to apply to hard-to-encode scenes so they look better. In operation, as shown below, you assign both a target bitrate and a maximum bitrate, with some encoders also allowing you to set a minimum bitrate. You’re essentially telling the encoder to average 2 Mbps over the duration of the video file, but in no cases let the video bitrate exceed 4 Mbps.
This 4 Mbps is the “constraint” in constrained VBR (as discussed above). In practice, almost all VBR is constrained VBR, because you always want to set some bandwidth limits to ensure smooth streaming. You would call the configuration in the below screenshot 200% VBR, because you’re instructing the encoder not to exceed 200% of the target bitrate.
With these terms defined, let’s see how the Adobe Media Encoder did in meeting our targets, using the files we just encoded as viewed in a free tool named Bitrate Viewer. Note that this test file has seven seconds of easy-to-encode low motion followed by seven seconds of hard-to-encode high motion. The first of the following two screenshots is the CBR stream, the second the VBR stream. Bitrate Viewer is in seconds view and the dark blue blocks show the data rates for each second of video. The faint blue line is the average bitrate over the file.
On the upper right of each image, you see the average bitrate for each file: 2029 kpbs for the CBR file and 2019 kpbs for the VBR file. So, the Adobe Media Encoder hit the target bitrate for both files. This reinforces the point that the VBR and CBR decision doesn’t impact total bitrate, just how the bits are allocated throughout the file.
You can also see the peak bitrate is 3,373 for CBR and 5,360 for VBR, indicating that the bitrate wasn’t perfectly constant for the CBR file, and that the encoder missed the maximum constraint for the for the VBR file. This is typical for desktop encoders like Adobe Media Encoder (as opposed to live streaming encoders), where hitting these targets is seldom relevant. In contrast, most streaming encoders offer closer adherence to the target and maximum bitrates.
That said, you can see that the average bitrate is much more consistent in the CBR stream than in the VBR stream. The CBR stream allocated most of the bits evenly over the entire file, the VBR stream allocated much more of the bits to the hard-to-encode region at the end of the file.
With these two patterns in mind, ask yourself two questions:
Finally, while it may not be evident in our experiment, CBR infrequently produces transient drops when the encoder sacrifices short-term quality to meet the target bitrates. This is one reason why some producers may avoid CBR despite its widespread support and popularity.
By now the strengths and weaknesses of each of these methods should be fairly clear. CBR is faster, more consistent, and less dynamic. VBR takes longer, but its variable nature makes it more adaptable and better able to produce a high-quality stream. So how do you choose? Let’s break it down by the two most common streaming use cases.
Though one-pass VBR encoding is possible, VBR is most effective when the encoder can scan the entire file and identify the hard-to-encode and easy-to-encode regions. Obviously, two-pass encoding isn’t available for live encoding, which usually makes CBR the better option.
Additionally, when encoding onsite and then streaming to the cloud for transcoding and packaging, producers often work with tight outbound bandwidth constraints. In these instances, you want very tight control over your outbound bitrate, because data rate spikes could exceed available bandwidth and stop the outbound stream.
Most producers prefer CBR for cloud transcoding of live streams because it keeps outbound bandwidth requirements relatively consistent. Remember that all viewers of a live stream watch the same bits at the same time. If you’re serving thousands of viewers simultaneously, and the bitrate spiked by 200%, then you could temporarily exceed the capabilities of your delivery ecosystem. In contrast, even if thousands of viewers were watching a VOD asset simultaneously, they wouldn’t be watching the same sections, so the effect of the variations would even out.
Recognize that encoders don’t produce total flatlines when delivering CBR video. Apple’s HLS Authoring Specifications state that for “live/linear content, the measured peak bit rate MUST be less than 125% of the BANDWIDTH attribute.” This is good advice whether you’re distributing via HLS or DASH.
Constrained VBR (CVBR) is preferred for video-on-demand (VOD) because it delivers better overall quality than CBR and avoids transient quality issues sometimes experienced with CBR. The constraint applied should vary by geographic region and the connection speed of your target viewer.
In terms of region, if your viewers are typically in the U.S., Europe, or the Asia Pacific, the speed of desktop, living room, and mobile connections are all very high, and unlikely to be exceeded by data rate swings in a CVBR encoded file delivered via VOD. On the other hand, if your typical viewer is watching over 3G or you’re targeting countries with much slower connection speeds, tightly constrained VBR is appropriate.
Referring back to the Apple HLS Authoring Specifications, Apple recommends “for VOD content, the peak bitrate SHOULD be no more than 200% of the average bitrate,” or 200% constrained VBR. If you’re distributing VOD to viewers watching on relatively high bitrate connections, then this is good advice for both HLS and DASH encoding. For countries with lower bitrate connections, use 110% constrained VBR, which would limit maximum bandwidth to 110% of the target.
The same general rules apply for audio-only streaming: use CBR for live and consider VBR for audio on demand. That said, although virtually every video encoder enables CBR and VBR configuration options for video, relatively few offer the same option for audio.
If audio is an important component of the streaming experience, as with concerts, ballets, operas, and similar performances, it’s worth experimenting with VBR audio to optimize the on-demand experience. For most other content, going with CBR for live and on-demand is probably the simplest option.
The following Wowza Video encoder settings are generally recommended. However, note that what works best for your video stream will depend on your use case. Additionally, your camera or source encoder may contain encoding restrictions that could affect these recommendations.
Frame Rate
Keyframe Interval
Audio Bitrate
Video Bitrate
Still not sure which bitrate methodology or encoding best practices would best suit your needs? Learn more about Wowza Video and Wowza Streaming Engine or contact one of our experts for guidance.*
3 More Answer(s) available
